如果您或亲人在陷入焦虑障碍的情况下挣扎,请联系Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline在1-800-662-4357for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.
For more mental health resources, see our国家助理数据库。
很多人经历压力or anxiety before an exam. In fact, a little nervousness can actually help you perform your best. However, when this distress becomes so excessive that it actually interferes with performance on an exam, it is known as test anxiety.
经历考试焦虑感觉是什么样的?你在课堂上得到了注意,采取了详细的笔记,阅读每一章,甚至在课后参加了额外的学习会,所以你应该在这次大考试中做得很好吗?
然而,当测试呈现时,您发现自己如此紧张,您将在最简单的问题中删除答案。如果这种经历听起来很熟悉,那么你可能会经历考试焦虑。
什么是文字焦虑?
测试焦虑是一个心理条件其中人在测试情况下遇到极端的痛苦和焦虑。虽然许多人在考试前和在考试前和在考试之前经历了一定程度的压力和焦虑,但测试焦虑实际上可以损害学习和伤害测试性能。
测试焦虑是一个type of performance anxiety. In situations where the pressure is on and a good performance counts, people can become so anxious that they are actually unable to do their best.
表现焦虑的其他例子:
- A businessman freezes up and forgets the information he was going to
在工作演示期间向他的同事和经理展示。 - 高中篮球运动员成为非常焦虑在一场比赛之前。在游戏中,她的强调是如此不堪重负,即她开始错过甚至很容易拍摄。
- 小提琴学生在演奏演奏之前变得非常紧张。在表现期间,她在几个关键的段落上混淆了,并使她的独奏。
While people have the skills and knowledge to do very well in these situations, their excessive anxiety impairs their performance. The severity of test anxiety can vary considerably from one person to another. Some people might feel like they have "butterflies" in their stomach and while others might find it difficult to concentrate on the exam.
一点点紧张实际上可以有所帮助,让你感到精神警惕并准备解决考试中提出的挑战。该yerkes-dodson法建议在唤醒水平与表现之间存在联系。基本上,增加的唤醒水平可以帮助您在考试中做得更好,但仅限于某个点。
Once these stress levels cross that line, the excessive anxiety you might be experiencing can actually interfere with test performance. Excessive fear can make it difficult to concentrate and you might struggle to recall things that you have studied. You might feel like all the information you spent some much time reviewing suddenly seems inaccessible in your mind.
您将您了解您了解答案的问题的答案。这种无法集中注意力和记忆的信息,然后有助于更加焦虑和压力,这只会使它更难集中起来在tentionon the test.
症状of Test Anxiety
试验焦虑的症状可以大大变化,从轻度到严重的范围。有些学生只能体验到考试焦虑的轻度症状,并且仍然能够在考试中相当好。其他学生几乎不可避免地被他们的焦虑,在测试或体验中仔细执行惊恐发作在考试之前或期间。
根据美国的焦虑和抑郁症协会,测试焦虑的症状可以是物理,行为,认知和情感。
身体症状
物理考试焦虑的症状包括出汗, shaking, rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, fainting, and nausea. Milder cases of test anxiety can cause a sense of "butterflies" in the stomach, while more severe cases can actually cause students to become physically ill.
认知和行为症状
认知和行为症状可以包括禁食或彻底避免测试情况。在某些情况下,测试焦虑可能变得如此严重,因为学生将从学校辍学以避免他们的恐惧来源。由于许多学生试图通过服用诸如处方药物和酒精等饮用的人来自我治疗焦虑的物质滥用。
许多有测试焦虑报告的人在测试的答案中消除了测试,即使他们彻底研究了这些信息,并确定他们知道问题的答案。Negative self-talk,专注于测试和赛车思想的麻烦也是考验焦虑的常见认知症状。
情绪症状
测试焦虑的情绪症状可包括抑郁症,低self-esteem,愤怒和绝望的感觉。学生们常常怀疑改变他们的情况或贬低他们的症状和糟糕的测试表现。
幸运的是,学生可以采取措施来缓解这些令人不愉快和有害症状。通过了解他们测试焦虑可能的可能原因,学生可以开始寻找有用的解决方案。
试验焦虑的原因
While test anxiety can be very stressful for students who experience it, many people do not realize that is actually quite common. Nervousness and anxiety are perfectly normal reactions to stress. For some people, however, this fear can become so intense that it actually interferes with their ability to perform well.
So what causes test anxiety? For many students, it can be a combination of things. Poor study habits, poor past test performance, and an underlying anxiety problem can all contribute to test anxiety.
测试焦虑的一些潜在原因包括:
- 害怕失败:如果将您的自我价值感地位连接到您的考试成绩,那么您佩戴自己的压力会导致严重的测试焦虑。
- 检测历史不佳:如果您之前的测试做得不佳,要么是因为你没有足够的学习,或者因为你是如此焦虑,你不记得答案,这可能会导致每次你需要的焦虑和消极的态度另一个测试。
- 毫无准备:如果你没有学习或没有足够的学习,这可以增加你的焦虑感。
生物原因
在压力情况下,例如在考试之前和期间,身体释放出一种叫做肾上腺素的激素。这有助于准备身体以处理即将发生的事情,并且通常被称为“战斗或飞行”回应。基本上,这种反应使您能够保持和处理压力或完全逃避这种情况。
在很多情况下,这种肾上腺素匆忙实际上是一件好事。它有助于让您有效处理紧张的情况,确保您是警报和准备。然而,对于一些人来说,他们觉得的焦虑症状可能会变得如此过度,这使得它使它变得困难甚至无法关注测试。
恶心,出汗和握手等症状实际上会让人们感觉更加紧张,特别是如果他们占据这些测试焦虑症状。
心理原因
除了焦虑的潜在生物学原因外,还有许多精神因素可以在这种情况下发挥作用。学生期望是一个主要的精神因素。例如,如果一个学生认为她会在考试中表现不佳,那么她就更容易在考试前和在测试之前焦虑。
测试焦虑也可以成为恶性循环。在一次考试期间经历焦虑后,学生可能会变得如此恐惧,再次发生它们在下次考试期间他们实际上变得更加焦虑。经过一再持久的测试焦虑,学生可能开始觉得他们没有权力来改变这种情况。
克服测试焦虑
So what exactly can you do to prevent or minimize test anxiety? Here are some strategies to help:
- Avoid the perfectionist trap。Don't expect to be perfect. We all make mistakes and that's okay. Knowing you've done your best and worked hard is really all that matters, not perfection.
- 消除消极的想法。如果你开始有焦虑或击败的想法,如“我不够好,”“我没有努力学习,”或“我不能这样做,”推开这些想法并替换积极思想。“我可以这样做,”“我知道材料,”和“我努力学习”,可以在接受考试时帮助管理你的压力水平。
- 足够的睡眠。一个美好的夜晚的睡眠会有助于您的集中和记忆。
- 确保你准备好了。That means studying for the test early until you feel comfortable with the material. Don't wait until the night before. If you aren't sure how to study, ask your teacher or parent for help. Being prepared will boost your confidence, which will lessen your test anxiety.
- 深呼吸。如果你在拍摄测试时开始感到焦虑,请通过鼻子深呼吸,通过嘴巴深入呼吸。一次通过每个问题或问题工作,根据需要在每一个之间深呼吸。确保你给你的肺部充足的氧气可以帮助你的焦点和平静感。
治疗和药物也可以提供帮助
如果您需要额外的支持,请与您的学校顾问或初级保健医生预约。
根据您的症状的严重程度,您的医生也可能推荐认知行为治疗(CBT),抗焦虑的药物或两者的组合。CBT专注于帮助人们改变为不受欢迎的行为或感受的行为和潜在的思想。
来自粗糙的一个词
Test anxiety can be unpleasant and stressful, but it is also treatable. If you believe that test anxiety is interfering with your ability to perform well, try utilizing some self-help strategies designed to help you manage and lower your anxiety levels.
If you are still struggling to manage your test anxiety, talk to your counselor, another mental health practitioner, or your primary care physician for more advice about treatments that are available.