人格形成万博maxbetx官网登陆的心理学

Personality是人们倾向于思考的事情。当我们遇到新的人时，无论是通过工作，学校或社交活动，它往往是他们立即关注的个性。无论他们是不错的，乐于助人，外向的，还是害羞只是我们评估的一些东西，因为我们评估了我们周围的人民。

What Is Personality Development?

我们的个性使我们成为我们的人，但我们的个性是如何形成的？人格发展是对心理学中一些最杰出的思想家感兴趣的主要话题。万博maxbetx官网登陆自成立以来万博maxbetx官网登陆作为一个单独的科学，研究人员提出了各种各样的想法来解释人格如何以及为何发展。

Personality development refers to how the organized patterns of behavior that make up each person's unique personality emerge over time. Many factors go into influencing personality, including遗传学, environment,育儿， 和societal variables. Perhaps most importantly, it is the ongoing interaction of all of these influences that continue to shape personality over time.

关键理论

我们的个性让我们独特，但人格如何发展？我们究竟是如何成为我们今天的人？什么因素在人格形成中发挥着最重要的作用？能personality ever change?

To answer this question, many prominent theorists developed theories to describe various steps and stages that occur on the road of personality development. The following theories focus on various aspects of personality development, including cognitive, social, and moral development.

Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development

In addition to being one of the best-known thinkers in the area of personality development,西格蒙德·弗洛伊德remains one of the most controversial. In his well-known stage性心理发展理论, Freud suggested that personality develops in stages that are related to specific erogenous zones. Failure to complete these stages, he suggested, would lead to personality problems in adulthood.

弗洛伊德的人格结构模型

Freud not only theorized about how personality developed over the course of childhood, but he also developed a framework for how overall personality is structured. According to Freud, the basic driving force of personality and behavior is known as thelibido。This libidinal energy fuels the three components that make up personality: the id, the ego, and the superego.

• TheIDis the aspect of personality present at birth. It is the most primal part of the personality and drives people to fulfill their most basic needs and urges.
• Theego是控制ID敦促的人格的方面，并强迫它以现实方式行事。
• Thesuperego是人格的最终方面，并包含我们父母和文化所吸引的所有理想，道德和价值观。这部分人格试图使自我表现得根据这些理想。然后，自我必须适中ID的原始需求，超级政策和现实的理想标准。

Freud's concept of theID,ego， 和superegohas gained prominence in popular culture, despite a lack of support and considerable skepticism from many researchers. According to Freud, it is the three elements of personality that work together to create complex human behaviors.

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Erik Erikson’seight-stage theory of human development是心理学中最知名的理论之一。万博maxbetx官网登陆虽然该理论在弗洛伊德的心理发展的阶段构建，埃里克森选择专注于社会关系如何影响人格发展。该理论还延伸到童年时期，以期待整个寿命的发展。

At每个阶段在心理社会发展中，人们面临危机，必须掌握任务。成功完成每个阶段的人出现了一种掌握和幸福感。那些不解决每个阶段危机的人可能会争取这些技能为他们的剩余生命。

Piaget的认知发展阶段

Jean Piaget’s认知发展理论尽管受到相当大的批评，但仍然是心理学中最常引用的。万博maxbetx官网登陆虽然他的理论的许多方面没有得到时间的考验，但是今天的核心观点仍然很重要：儿童比成年人不同。

According to Piaget, children progress through a series of four stages that are marked by distinctive changes in how they think. How children think about themselves, others, and the world around them plays an important role in the formation of personality.

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg developed a theory of人格发展，专注于道德思想的成长。在Piaget提出的两阶段过程中建立，Kohlberg将理论扩大到包括六个不同的阶段。

这一理论因许多不同的原因受到批评。一个主要批评是，它不会同样容纳不同的性别和文化，Kohlberg的理论对于我们对人格的理解来说很重要。

A Word From Verywell

个性不仅涉及天生的特征，而且还涉及影响人们如何思考和行为的认知和行为模式的发展。气质是由继承性状决定的人格的关键部分。

Character is an aspect of personality influenced by experience that continues to grow and change throughout life. While personality continues to evolve over time and respond to the influences and experiences of life, much of personality is determined by inborn traits and early childhood experiences.