由基因或环境引起的人格特征？

心理学家s often talk about性格traits, but what exactly is a trait? How do mental health professionals define this term? It is our personalities that help make us unique individuals, but not everyone agrees on exactly how many different traits exist. Some break personality down into very narrow and specific traits, while others prefer to look at traits much more broadly.

What Are Personality Traits?

Traits are typically defined as the different characteristics that make up an individual's性格。

Trait theorysuggests that our personalities are made up of a number of different broad traits. For example, extroversion (often known asextraversion）是一个人格维度，描述了人们如何与世界互动。例如，有些人是非常外向的（或外向的）和外向，而其他人则更具内向和保留。

Until fairly recently, it was believed that personality traits changed very little over the course of a lifetime. Some newer纵向研究透露，特质比以前相信的特点更细致性格changescan and do occur over time.

类型of Traits

如果有人要求你列出最能描述你的个性特征，你会说什么？您可能会从各种特质上拨回诸如善良，积极，礼貌，羞怯，外向或雄心勃勃的特色。如果您要列出每个人格特质，那么它可能包括数百甚至数千个不同的术语，用于描述个性的不同方面。

似乎有多少个性特征是在心理学历史上大部分地区的辩论主题，但今天许多心理学家依赖于所谓的人格五大模式。万博maxbetx官网登陆

According to thebig five model, personality is composed of five broad dimensions. Individual personalities may be either high, low, or somewhere in between on each of the five core traits.

弥补人格的五个特征是：

• Agreeableness：相信，利他主义，善良，感情等女性行为
• 责任心：high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control, and goal-directed behaviors
• 提升：社交，谈话，谈话，自信和兴奋性
• 神经质：sadness, moodiness, emotional instability, worries about many different things
• 开放性:有创造力,乐于尝试新事物,乐于think about abstract concepts

您可以使用的大多数特征来描述您自己的个性落在这些宽标题之一下。诸如害羞，外向，友好和善于善于促进的个性特征，而诸如善良，周到，有组织和雄心勃勃的特征，则是休闲竞争频谱的一部分。

基因与环境原因

在人格方面，更重要的是什么，自然或培育？您的DNA是否会影响您的个性？研究人员花了几十年的学习家庭，双胞胎，采用儿童和养育家庭，以更好地了解人格是多少遗传and how much is环境的。

One study, the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, studied 350 pairs of twins between 1979 and 1999. Participants included both identical and fraternal twins who were either raised together or apart. Results revealed that personalities of identical twins were similar whether they were raised in the same household or apart, suggesting that some aspects of personality are influenced by genetics.

This certainly does not mean that the environment does not play a role in shaping personality. Twin studies suggest that identical twins share approximately 50% of the same traits, while fraternal twins share only about 20%.

人格特质是复杂的，研究表明，我们的特质是由遗传和环境因素的形状。这两个力量以各种各样的方式互动，以形成我们的个人性格。

人格特质变化

当涉及一些广泛的主导特征时，变化往往很难。当它确实发生时，这些变化往往非常微妙。

A veryextroberted人例如，可能会随着时间的推移而得到更多的保留。这并不意味着他们会转变为内向的。这简单意味着发生了微妙的转变，并且人的升压已经略微修改。个人仍然是外向和艰苦的，但他们可能会发现他们也偶尔享受孤独或更安静的环境。

一个introvert, on the other hand, may find themselves becoming somewhat more extroverted as they grow older. This does not mean that the individual suddenly develops a desire to be the center of attention or to spend every Friday night at a large party. However, this person may find that they begin to enjoy social events a bit more and feel less exhausted and drained after they spend time socializing.

Key Research Principles

In their handbook of personality, Roberts and his colleagues describe a few basic principles that have been derived from personality research:

• 身份发展原则：People develop a stronger identity as they age and maturity brings a greater commitment to and maintenance of this sense of self. During the younger years of life, people are still exploring different roles and identities. As people age, they begin to feel stronger loyalty to the identity they have forged over the course of their life.
• 到期原则：People tend to become more agreeable, emotionally stable, and socially dominant as they grow older.
• Plasticity principle：虽然人格特质往往是稳定的，但它们没有设置在石头上。它们受到任何阶段的环境影响。
• Role continuity principle：它是在人格特质中导致连续性而不是环境中的一致性的作用。