The Amount of Personality Traits That Exist

多少性格traits do you think exist? How many personality traits can you list just off the top of your head?out那friendly那kind那cr那lazy那mean。你或许能说出很多不同的descriptions that apply to personality, but do each of these really represent a specific personality trait?

心理学家s have tried to determine just how many personality traits there might be, and the numbers vary dramatically from one expert to the next. For example, Gordon Allport suggested that there were more than 4,000 different personality traits while Hans Eysenck proposed that there were just three.

Today, the most popular theory suggests that there are five broad dimensions of personality.我们可能用来描述一个人的个性的许多术语将属于这五个核心维度之一。因此，许多专家们认为，众多专家们表示，许多专家们认为它是由几个广泛的团体组成，包括所有这些特征描述符。

How Many Personality Traits Exist?

性格的特质理论表明，人格由许多广泛的特征组成。外向，善良，侵略性和精力充沛只是可能用于描述其中一些特征的术语中的一些术语。但只是有多少不同的人格特质？

多年来有许多不同的理论，关于可能有多少个特征。以下是不同专家提出的一些估计和理论。

Allport：1,000岁的特征

心理学家戈登Allport.是第一个分类这些特征的人之一：他创建了一个超过4,000个人格特质的清单。Alloppt将这些特征分为三种不同类别：基本特征，中央特征和次要特征。

• Cardinal特征是那些如此占主导地位的特征，它们在某种情况下表达和一个人生活的各个部分。这种类型的特征被认为是罕见的。
• Central traits are the core traits that tend to remain relatively stable throughout life. Many trait theories of personality focus on these traits. These traits serve as the "building blocks" of personality.
• 二次特征是在某些情况下出现的特征。这些可能不一致，并且随着时间的推移可能不会保持稳定。

Cattell: 16 Traits

Later, psychologistRaymond Cattell将此膨胀列表缩小至16.使用称为因子分析的统计技术，Cattell Whittled Allopl的原始列表大约4,000个特征到Cattell称为16“源特征”。他认为，这些潜在的特质是影响被称为个性的行为的原因。

His list of 16 factors included apprehension, emotional stability, openness to change, self-reliance, and sensitivity. Each factor represents a dimension and he suggested that people could be high or low (or in the middle) with regards to a particular trait.

Eysenck：3个特征

心理学家Hans Eysencknarrowed the list of traits down even further, suggesting that there were just three. He believed that Cattell's system included too many similar traits and originally proposed that human personality could be explained using just two factors: extraversion/introversionand emotional stability/emotional instability. He later added a third factor known a psychoticism, which related to a person's tendency to be psychotic orsociopathic。

现代视图：5维度

今天，最受欢迎的理论之一是哥斯达和McRae的五因素理论。经常被称为“大五”，这个理论表明有五种广阔的人格尺寸。每个维度都存在作为连续体，个人的个性可以在那个特定特质的连续性上都有任何一点。

The five dimensions are:

• Agreeableness
• 尽责
• 提升
• 神经质
• 开放性

As an example, if you listed traits such as cheerful, happy, kind, and helpful, those might fall under the broad categories of agreeableness and conscientiousness.

重要的是要记住，这些尺寸中的每一个代表连续体。人们可能在诸如升压之类的尺寸下高，而它们在诸如神经质的维度下降。这是人们落在连续的每个维度，帮助弥补他们独特的个性。