What Is a Personality Test?

What Is a Personality Test?

人格测试是用于评估人类个性的工具。人格测试和评估是指旨在测量人们在各种情况下表现出的特征模式的技术。人格测试可用于帮助澄清临床诊断，指导治疗干预措施，并帮助预测人们如何在不同情况下响应。

Personalityis something that we informally assess and describe every day. When we talk about ourselves and others, we frequently refer to different characteristics of an individual's personality. Psychologists do much the same thing when they assess personality but on a more systematic and scientific level.

人格测试的类型

有两种基本类型的人格测试：自我报告库存和投影测试：

• 自我报告库存involve having test-takers read questions and then rate how well the question or statement applies to them.最常见的自我报告库存之一是明尼苏达多相人格库存（MMPI）。
• 投影测试涉及用模糊的场景，对象或场景呈现测试者，然后要求他们掌握他们对测试项目的解释。一个众所周知的投影测试的例子是Rorschach Inkblot测试。

自我报告库存的最大好处是它们可以标准化和使用成立的规范。自我库存也相对容易管理，更高可靠性和validity而不是投射测试。另一方面，投影测试最常用于心理治疗设置，并允许治疗师快速收集有关客户的大量信息。

例如，治疗师不仅可以看出一个人对特定测试项目的响应，但它们也可以考虑其他定性信息，如语调和语气body language。All of this can be explored in greater depth as people progress through therapy sessions.

用途

Personality tests are administered for a number of different purposes, including:

• 评估理论
• 评估治疗的有效性
• Diagnosing psychological problems
• 看着个性的变化
• 筛选候选人

人格测试也有时用于法医环境，以进行风险评估，建立能力和儿童监护权纠纷。可以使用人格测试的其他设置在学校心理学，职业和职业咨询，关系咨询，临床心理学和就业检测中。万博maxbetx官网登陆

影响of Personality Tests

人格测试可能有许多原因有用。这些测试可以帮助您了解更多关于您自己的更多信息，更好地了解您的优势和弱点。虽然所有个性测试都不同，但学习您可能在特定特质上的高处可以帮助您对自己的行为模式提高更大的洞察力。

For example, your results on a personality test might indicate that you rate high on the personality trait of introversion. This result suggests that you have to expend energy in social situations, so you need to find time alone to recharge your energy. Knowing that you have this tendency can help you recognize when you are getting drained from socializing and set aside quiet moments to regain your equilibrium.

采取个性测试的提示

There is no way to prepare for a personality test, but there are some things that you can do to make sure that your results are the best reflection of your personality:

• Be honest.不要试图呈现自己的“理想”版本。相反，尝试只是以一种反映你是谁以及你的感受方式来回答。
• Read the instructions.如果您不了解指南或问题，您的结果可能不是对您的准确反映。
• Don't try to "beat the test."Avoid trying to guess what you think might be seen as the "ideal" answer. Just respond honestly.

当您开始查看可用的所有不同人格评估时，您可能会很快注意到一件事：那里有很多“非正式”测试！只是一个简单的在线搜索将成为一个巨大的测验和测试，旨在告诉您您的个性的事情。

潜在的陷阱

虽然人格测试有时可能有用，但这并不意味着它们并非没有缺点和可能的缺陷。

Deception Is Possible

自我报告库存的最大缺点之一是，人们在回答问题时有可能从事欺骗。尽管可以使用技术来检测欺骗，但人们仍然可以仍然成功提供错误的答案，以努力“假良好”或看起来更具社会可接受和可取的。

Introspection Is Needed

另一个潜在问题是人们并不总是擅长准确地描述自己的行为。人们倾向于高估某些趋势（特别是那些被视为社会所需的人），同时低估了其他特征。这可能对人格测试的准确性产生严重影响。

Tests Can Be Long

Self-report personality tests can also be quite long, in some cases taking several hours to complete. Not surprisingly, respondents can quickly become bored and frustrated. When this happens, test-takers will often answer questions as quickly as possible, often without even reading the test items.

Scoring Can Be Subjective

投影测试也有许多缺点和限制。第一个问题在于解释响应。评分测试项目是高度主观的，不同的评估者可以提供对响应的完全不同的观点。

结果可能不一致

Not all personality tests are reliable or valid. Reliability refers to the consistency of a test while validity involves whether the test is really measuring what it claims to measure.

人格测试的历史

最早形式的人格测试之一，称为颅脂学, emerged during the late 18th-century and was popularized during the 19th-century. This approach involved the measurement of bumps on the human skull, which were then attributed to specific personality characteristics.

后来，心理学家开始试图确定how many different personality traits曾经有。例如，戈登Allopport建议有超过4,000人。心理学家Raymond Cattell使用了一种称为因子分析的统计技术，以削弱这份列表16个不同的个性因素，而Hans Eysenck将列表缩小到仅三个。

One of the most popular approaches to personality today is known as the Big Five theory of personality. This theory suggests that personality is composed of five broad dimensions: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness.