饮食障碍和素食主义者: What’s the Connection?

你还是你认识素食主义者的人吗？你是或者他们挣扎着厌倦吃或吃饮食失调？如果你或亲人有饮食障碍，你可能会想知道你是否应该成为或仍然是素食主义者。为了做出这一决定，我们必须首先探索饮食障碍和素食主义之间的复杂关系。

定义素食者

对素食主义和饮食障碍之间的联系仅存在有限的研究;存在的研究被许多因素混淆。

The first problem is that most of the research on vegetarians and eating disorders collapses all categories of vegetarians together in order to get large enough sample sizes to draw conclusions. In reality, vegetarianism refers a wide variety of diets that exclude meat products to some degree (with nonvegetarians referred to asomnivores）：

• Vegans—avoid all meat products
• OvolactoveGetArita- 从吃动物的肉，但消耗牛奶和鸡蛋
• 佩斯特里河-eat鱼，牛奶和鸡蛋，但避免其他肉类产品
• 半遗产- avoid或限制一些肉类产品，如红肉

第二个问题是，研究倾向于完全依赖于饮食自我报告，这可能或可能不准确。

大多数饮食障碍和素食研究的第三个问题是它是相关性的。这意味着它不能明确地展示素食主义是否导致饮食障碍或进食障碍是否导致素食主义。

人们成为素食主义者的原因

选择素食饮食的最常见原因包括个人或宗教信料;健康问题;与肉类的味道和感觉有关的感官问题;并担心成本。道德考虑，主要是围绕动物福利问题，是美国素食主义的最常见原因，引用了59％的素食者。

素食主义和饮食障碍的率

饮食障碍的患者报告素食主义率高于一般公众。大多数研究都集中在患者身上anorexia nervosa。In three chart review studies of patients with anorexia, approximately half of the patients reported adhering to a vegetarian diet. By contrast, a 2018 poll by Gallup poll found that only 5 percent of Americans said they were vegetarian and 3 percent reported they were vegan.

According to Bardone-Cone and colleagues (2012), compared to control subjects, individuals with an eating disorder history were significantly more likely to ever have been vegetarian (52 percent versus 12 percent). They also reported weight control as their primary reason for being vegetarian. Most reported that their vegetarianism was related to their eating disorder and had emerged after the onset of their illness.

青少年素食主义者已被证明是呕吐体重控制的非遗养人的四倍。

Does Vegetarianism Cause or Contribute to Eating Disorders?

Of the various eating disorders, anorexia is most commonly believed to be related to vegetarianism. People with anorexia usually significantly restrict the range of foods that they eat—vegetarianism may be a socially acceptable way for individuals with anorexia to do just that.

Bardone-Cone及其同事发现，60％的饮食障碍患者患者报告说，他们采用了素食饮食开始至少一年后the onset of eating disorder symptoms. Most (68 percent) felt there was a relationship between vegetarianism and their eating disorder.

那些承认这种关系的人报告称，素食主义者帮助他们减肥并保持饮食障碍。他们还报告说，素食主义提供了另一个途径来减少热量摄入并导致他们对控制的感觉。

Does Vegetarianism Affect Recovery From an Eating Disorder?

有一些证据表明素食饮食可以维持疾病或阻碍饮食障碍。在一项研究中，与在缓解的参与者相比，以前被诊断出患有厌食症的女性并未在缓解中被视为素食主义者。

根据Bardone-oce和同事，那些活跃的饮食障碍的患者比素食主义者的患者更可能（33％，与5％）。在另一个小型研究中，一半的患者占用卡路里不足的患者遵循素食主义者或主要素食饮食。

我（或者我所爱的人）应该留下素食主义者吗？

It can be important to first better understand an individual’s motivation for vegetarianism. Specifically looking at when they began eating a vegetarian diet in relation to the onset of their eating disorder. We often say, “If it came in with the eating disorder, it’s likely a part of the eating disorder.” Maintaining a vegetarian diet while trying to recover from an eating disorder (anorexia in particular) is difficult and frequently not recommended.

有四个主要原因重新引入肉vegetarian eating disorder patients.

• 减少rule-driven eating disorder behaviors.
• 减少家庭冲突
• 确保充足的能量摄入量
• 确保适当的营养，包括铁，钙和脂肪酸

减少规则驱动的饮食障碍行为

Let’s look at each of these in turn. People with eating disorders, especially anorexia, have fears about eating foods they believe will make them gain weight and, hence, follow rigid restrictive dietary rules. Restricting the range and amount of food they eat reduces their anxiety in the short-term and is hence reinforced. Adhering to a vegetarian diet can decrease anxiety by justifying the avoidance offeared foods。

因此，随着治疗的一部分预期增加饮食的肉类将增加焦虑。

减少家庭冲突

当患有饮食障碍的人有严格的关于他们将吃的食物的核心的规则时，家庭冲突可能很高。通过帮助饮食障碍的家庭成员克服关于进食和征服的僵尸规则，最终可以减少膳食的冲突可能是这一过程中的一个重要步骤。

确保充足的能量摄入量

进食障碍治疗的第一个实际步骤之一是常规进食，确保足够的营养，并在重量抑制的人中增加重量。来自厌食症的恢复开始的人往往是超代谢，这意味着它们需要非常高的热量摄入量（超越那些没有诊断的人的那些）以获得体重。

一般来说，在此期间不推荐素食饮食养process because they are associated with lower-calorie foods and many of the required nutrient-dense foods are found in animal products. Further, patients with anorexia nervosa often experience early fullness and cannot tolerate the volume of vegetarian food that would be required to restore weight.

确保足够的营养素

当饮食包括肉时，更容易确保足够的摄入若干微量营养素，包括铁，钙和脂肪酸。进入治疗的厌食症患者常常摄入不充分的铁，钙和脂肪酸，包括两个ω-3脂肪酸，这对于适当的身体功能很重要，包括建筑物脑。

这些脂肪酸最常见于鸡蛋，肉类和鱼中最高浓度，这些食物通常被素食主义者和素食主义者排除在外。此外，素食主义者可能比缺锌的非终身风险更大。低锌摄入量会影响大脑中的神经递质。重要的是要确保改进的饮食满足了这些营养素的需求。

结论

似乎没有研究表明素食饮食会导致饮食障碍。然而，素食饮食可用于隐藏现有的饮食障碍。它也可能保持吃病理学，并且可以有助于较慢和更困难的康复。

来自粗糙的一个词

The decision about whether to remain vegetarian is one that should be made in conjunction with your family and treatment team. The reason you eliminated meat from your diet in the first place should be explored. It should be noted that determining the true motivation for vegetarianism is not always straightforward. If it appears related to eating pathology then it will likely need to be addressed.

另一方面，如果您的家人为您的终身素食素食，或者是宗教或其他思想的素食主义者，那么您可能能够遵守素食，但必须努力努力包括足够的脂肪和卡路里和可能需要营养补充剂以确保足够的营养素。

或者，您可以决定将素食主义暂时放在恢复服务中。素食饮食更难恢复，并且通常不会为任何带有饮食障碍的人建议，这是它的极其严格的性质。