普通精神病患者的类型和症状

精神疾病是一种精神疾病，被精神卫生专业人员诊断，大大扰乱了您的思维，情绪和/或行为，并严重提高了您的残疾风险，痛苦，万博手机客户端死亡或自由丧失。

In addition, your symptoms must be more severe than expected response to an upsetting event, such as normal grief after the loss of a loved one.

Examples

大量的psychiatric disordershave been identified. Chances are that, whether or not you or someone close to you has been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, you know something about one or more of the following examples:

• Depression
• Personality disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• Schizophrenia
• 饮食障碍
• Addictive behaviors

症状

Examples of ongoing signs and symptoms of psychiatric disorders include:

• Confused thinking
• Reduced ability to concentrate
• 深刻，持续的悲伤，或感觉“下来”
• Inability to manage day-to-day stress and problems
• Trouble understanding situations and other people
• 从其他人撤回您曾经享受的活动
• 极端疲倦，低能量或睡眠问题
• Strong feelings of fear, worry, or guilt
• 极端情绪变化，从高点到低点，经常迅速转移
• Detachment from reality (delusions), paranoia (the belief that others are “out to get you,”) or幻觉(seeing things that aren’t there)
• Marked changes in eating habits
• 性欲的变化
• 药物或酒精滥用
• 过度的愤怒，敌意和/或暴力
• 自杀思维

A psychiatric disorder may also cause physical symptoms, such as a headache, back pain, or stomach pain. If you’re being evaluated for a psychiatric disorder, tell your doctor about any physical symptoms you’re having, including unexplained aches and pains.

类型

以下列表描述了精神病患者的主要类型（通常称为类或类别）。

• Neurodevelopmental Disorders.这一组的许多精神疾病通常在婴儿期或童年开始，经常在孩子开始学校之前。例子包括注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, and learning disorders.
• Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders.精神病疾病导致现实的脱离。有这些诊断的人妄想，幻觉和致辞思想和言论。Schizophreniais probably the best known of these illnesses, although detachment from reality can sometimes affect people with other psychiatric disorders.
• Bipolar and Related Disorders.This group includes disorders in which episodes of mania (periods of excessive excitement, activity, and energy) alternate with periods of depression.
• Depressive Disorders.这些包括以极端悲伤和无价值的感觉为特征的疾病，以及对先前令人愉快的活动的兴趣。实例包括主要抑郁病症和经常疑惑疾病（PMDD），其比更广泛的已知前瞻性综合征（PMS）更严重。pms是notclassified as a psychiatric disorder.
• Anxiety Disorders.焦虑涉及专注于可能会发生的坏或危险的事情，可怕，过度担心它们。焦虑症包括广泛性焦虑症(GAD), panic disorder, and phobias (extreme or irrational fears of specific things, such as heights).
• Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders.People with these disorders experience repeated and unwanted urges, thoughts, or images (obsessions) and feel driven to taking repeated actions in response to them (compulsions). Examples includeobsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD), hoarding disorder, and毛发紊乱(trichotillomania).
• Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders.这些精神病疾病在压力或创伤生活中发生了发展。例子包括posttraumatic stress disorder（PTSD）和急性应激障碍。
• Dissociative Disorders.These are disorders in which a person’s sense of self is disrupted, such asdissociative identity disorder和离解健忘症。
• 躯体症状和相关疾病。其中一种障碍的人可能会令人痛苦和障碍，没有明确的医疗原因。（“体细胞”是指体的“。”）实例包括疾病焦虑症，体细胞症状障碍（以前称为次闭症）和有源障碍。
• 喂食和饮食障碍。These psychiatric disorders are disturbances related to eating, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder.
• Elimination Disorders.本集团的精神病疾病涉及意外或故意通过意外或粪便的不适当的消除（释放）。Bedwetting（遗留）是一个例子。
• Sleep-Wake Disorders.These are severe sleep disorders, including insomnia disorder, nightmare disorder, sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome.
• Sexual Dysfunctions.这些性反应疾病包括诊断为早泄，勃起障碍和女性性高血症疾病。
• 性别困难。这些障碍源于与一个人表示不同性别的欲望。该组的诊断标准在儿童，青少年和成年人之间有所不同。
• 破坏性，脉冲控制和进行障碍。People with these disorders show symptoms of difficulty with emotional and behavioral self-control. Examples include kleptomania (repeated stealing) andintermittent explosive disorder。
• 与物质相关和令人上瘾的疾病。People with these diagnoses have problems associated with excessive use of alcohol, opioids (for example, oxycodone and morphine), recreational drugs, hallucinogens, and six other types of drugs. This group also includes赌博障碍。
• Neurocognitive Disorders.These psychiatric disorders affect people’s ability to think and reason. The disorders in this group include delirium as well as disorders of thinking and reasoning caused by such conditions or diseases as traumatic brain injury or Alzheimer's disease.
• Personality Disorders.人格障碍涉及一个持久的情绪不稳定和不健康的行为，严重扰乱日常生活和关系。例子包括borderline那antisocial那andnarcissistic personality disorders。
• 糖苷障碍。Many sexual-interest disorders are included in this group. Examples include sexual sadism disorder, voyeuristic disorder, and pedophilic disorder.
• 其他精神障碍。这组包含的精神疾病due to other medical conditions or that don't meet all the requirements for any of the other psychiatric disorder groups.

When Does a Mental Health Concern Become a Psychiatric Disorder?

如果你是大多数人，你可能会不时担心心理健康，如失去工作后的抑郁症。万博手机客户端这些问题通常是有限的，最终，你开始感觉更好。

That’s not true of a psychiatric disorder, in which your symptoms are ongoing and frequently upsetting to you and the people around you.

当试图应对症状的压力变得超过你可以处理的大量时，治疗通常涉及药物和药物的组合psychotherapy（也称为谈话治疗）。