什么是歇斯底里？过去和现在

Hysteria is a term used to describe emotional excess, but it was also once a common medical diagnosis. In layman's terms, hysteria is often used to describe emotionally charged behavior that seems excessive and out of control.

当有人回应,似乎disproportionately emotional for the situation, they are often described as hysterical. During the Victorian era, the term was often used to refer to a host of symptoms that were generally observed only in women.

虽然它曾经被认为是一种诊断条件，但歇斯底里被删除了Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)1980年。今天，展示歇斯底里症状的人可能被诊断出来解剖障碍or a somatic symptom disorder.

症状

症状of hysteria included partial paralysis, hallucinations, and nervousness. Other symptoms often ascribed to hysteria include:

• 呼吸急促
• 焦虑
• 晕倒
• 紧张
• 失眠
• Sexual forwardness
• Irritability
• Agitation

该术语被认为是源自古希腊医生希波克拉底，他们在身体中的不同地点的各个地方的运动中关联这些症状。古代思想家认为，一个女人的子宫可以通过身体的不同区域自由旅行，往往导致基于其旅行的不同症状和疾病。

Hysteria may not be a valid psychiatric diagnosis today, but it is a good example of how concepts can emerge, change, and be replaced as we gain a greater understanding of how human beings think and behave.

The History of Hysteria

在19世纪后期，歇斯底里被视为一个心理障碍。法国神经科学家Jean-Martin Charcot利用催眠治疗患有歇斯底里的妇女。

歇斯底里的谜团在精神分析的早期发展中发挥了重要作用。着名的奥地利精神分析师Sigmund Freud已经用Charcot学习，所以他有一手经验观察患者被诊断出患有疾病的患者以及Charcot的治疗方法。

It was Freud's work with colleague Josef Breuer on the case ofAnna O.是一个体验歇斯底里症状的年轻女性，有助于导致发展psychoanalytic therapy。Anna had found that simply talking about her problems with her therapist had a major impact on her well-being. She dubbed this treatment the "talking cure" and it is still referred to as talk therapy to this day.

Carl Jung, a colleague of Freud's, treated a young woman namedSabina Spielreinwho was also thought to suffer from hysteria. Jung and Freud often discussed Spielrein's case, which had an impact on the theories they developed. Spielrein herself trained as a psychoanalyst and helped introduce the psychoanalytic approach in Russia before she was murdered by Nazis during World War II.

现代心理学的歇斯底里万博maxbetx官网登陆

1980年，美国心理协会改变了对“歇斯底里神经症，转化型”的诊断“转化障碍。"今天，心理学识别不万博maxbetx官网登陆同类型的疾病，这些疾病被称为歇斯底里症，包括解剖障碍和躯体症状和相关疾病。

分离障碍

Dissociative disorders are心理障碍sthat involve an interruption (a dissociation) in aspects of consciousness, including identity and memory. These types of disorders include dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, and dissociative amnesia.

躯体症状障碍

在DSM的最新更新中，DSM-5，曾经在歇斯底里的广泛伞下标记的症状适合于现在被称为躯体症状障碍。有几种相关条件：

• Illness anxiety disorder（以前的次闭合）
• Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)
• 其他特定的细粒症状和相关疾病
• 影响其他医疗条件的心理因素
• Factitious disorder
• 未指明的躯体症状和相关疾病

躯体症状障碍涉及重大关注身体症状，如弱点，疼痛或呼吸急促。这种与症状的关注导致正常运作的显着痛苦和困难。个体可能或可能没有医疗条件。值得注意的是，这并不涉及伪造疾病;他们是否生病了相信他们生病了。