如何使用社会交换理论

社会交流理论建议社会行为是交流过程的结果。本交流的目的是最大限度地提高益处并最大限度地减少成本。根据该理论，由社会学家乔治·霍纳开发，人们权衡了社会关系的潜在利益和风险。当风险超过奖励时，人们将终止或放弃这种关系。

大多数关系由一定数量的给予和服用组成，但这并不意味着它们总是平等。社会交易所表明，对每个关系的利益和成本估值，确定我们是否选择继续社会协会。

成本与福利

成本涉及您认为否定的东西，例如必须将金钱，时间和努力纳入关系。例如，如果你有一个总是要从你借钱的朋友，那么这将被视为高成本。

您的好处是您摆脱有趣，友谊，陪伴和和社会支持。Your friend might be a bit of a freeloader, but bring a lot of fun and excitement to your life. As you are determining the value of the friendship, you might decide that the benefits outweigh the potential costs.

期望和比较水平

Cost-benefit analysis plays a major role in the social exchange process, but so do期望。随着人们对成本的权衡效益，它们通过建立经常受到过去经验影响的比较水平来这样做。如果您一直持久友谊，您的比较水平startwill be lower than a person who has always had支持和关怀的朋友。

例如,如果您以前的恋人商店wered you with displays of affection, your comparison level for your next relationship is going to be quite high when it comes to affection. If your next romantic partner tends to be more reserved and less emotional, that person might not measure up to your expectations.

评估替代方案

社会交流过程的另一个方面涉及看待可能的替代方案。在分析成本和福利并对与比较水平的对比后，您可能会开始看待可能的替代方案。

The relationship might not measure up to your comparison levels, but as you survey the potential alternatives, you might determine that the relationship is still better than anything else that is available. As a result, you might go back and reassess the relationship in terms of what may now be a somewhat lower comparison level.

蜜月阶段

友谊的长度或浪漫也可以在社交交流过程中发挥作用。在初期或几个月的关系中，通常被称为“蜜月阶段”，人们更有可能忽视社会交流平衡。通常被视为高成本的事情被解雇，忽略或最小化，而潜在的好处往往夸大。

When this honeymoon period finally comes to an end, there will often be a gradual evaluation of the exchange balance. Downsides will become more apparent and benefits will start to be seen more realistically. This recalibration of the exchange balance might also lead to the termination of the relationship if the balance is tipped too far toward the negative side.