稀释性低钠血症或水中毒品

Dilutional hyponatremia, also known as water intoxication, is a potentially life-threatening condition which occurs when a person consumes too much water without an adequate intake of electrolytes.

To put it simply, water in the body needs to contain enough salts and other ions, called electrolytes, to keep the body's cells functioning properly. If you take in too much water without enough electrolytes, the water can move into the cells of the body, causing them to swell.

谁面临低血管血症的风险？

Most people are not at high risk for hyponatremia because the body is good at keeping fluid and electrolytes balanced. But some people are at higher risk: they might think they need more water than they do because they're in a强迫措施药物使用的心态，或者因为他们鼓励他们没有足够的电解质喝大量的水。

Following are some groups who have been identified as "at higher risk" than others:

• 兴奋剂药物的用户，尤其是结合跳舞时数小时。
• 消耗毒品的人，包括alcohol, and are trying to remove the drug from their bodies by drinking a lot of water.
• 那些人addicted to exercise, who work out for many hours a day and attempt to rehydrate themselves with water only.
• 从事促进与厌食症相关的行为的人，试图减掉体重过度;以这种方式可以使用大量的水。
• 刚出生的婴儿，他的母亲避免母乳喂养并喂它们稀释的配方和水，这可以包括婴儿drug-using mothers。
• 耐力运动员
• People with certain psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder

预防

In order to prevent water intoxication, it is important to address some of the factors that contribute to hypnotremia. Some things to watch for to help prevent hyponatremia include:

使用兴奋剂时

People who use stimulants sweat out water and electrolytes quickly, due to the stimulant effects of the drug. This process speeds up when they're dancing for hours on end, which is common at raves and dance parties where people use drugs such asmeth,可卡因,ecstasy (MDMA),浴盐和较低剂量的MXE.或者氯胺酮让他们走向。

It's important to drink water throughout the night, rather than all in one go — and also to consume enough salt to prevent water intoxication. This can be done by drinking rehydration fluid instead of water, eating salty foods when you drink water, or taking a small amount of salt with your water—about half a teaspoon per liter.

高剂量的咖啡因也可用作兴奋剂;例如，能量饮料可含有大剂量的咖啡因和没有电解质。相比之下，一些运动饮料设计用于适当的运动员水合，并含有正确的水和电解质的比例，因此可以更安全地消耗补液。

消耗酒精时

People drinking alcohol can become dehydrated and attempt to hydrate themselves by drinking large amounts of water at the end of the night. But because the symptoms of water intoxication are similar to those of alcohol intoxication, the problem may be overlooked. The best way to avoid this is to alternate between alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages and to include fruit juice and mixers, which contain salt.

减肥时

People attempting to lose weight by exercising frequently should rehydrate themselves using water or drinks containing electrolytes. As with stimulant users, "little and often" is better than a lot of fluid all at once. And because stimulant users, over-exercisers, and people engaging in behaviors related to anorexia nervose are prone to compulsive behaviors, take extra care not to drink water compulsively.

Fruit juice may not be a good choice due to the high sugar content. Fruit juice tends to contain too many carbohydrates and too little sodium and may lead to stomach upset. People should also use caution when consuming sports drinks because they are often high in sugar and sodium.

When Feeding a Newborn

新生儿的父母应该始终遵循精确混合配方的说明。母乳含有电解质和水的正确平衡，但是按照包装指示的指示混合配方。永远不要被蓄水为挽救金钱的方式。婴儿特别容易受到低钠血症的影响。