强迫症的强迫症（OCD）

强迫是两个主要症状之一强迫症, a psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1.2% of adults in the United States in a given year.

A compulsion is a repetitive behavior or mental act that a person with OCD is driven to perform in response to an痴迷or according to rigidly applied rules (which are often used to help manage feelings of anxiety or distress).

Compulsions vs. Habits

Not all repeated behaviors and routines are compulsions. Many people follow a familiar pattern or routine when getting ready for bed at night, for example, or they may perform other self-care tasks, such as showering, in a specific order.

These tendencies, orhabits, can occur subconsciously, and habits can serve a positive purpose in daily functioning. Habits are considered to be within the range of “normal” human behavior.

同样，只是因为有人特别有序并且对保持他们的生活环境很好并不意味着他们“是ocd”或有强迫症。

凭借OCD，强迫措施是耗时的，并伴随着显着的情绪困扰。通常进行行为有两个原因：

• 中和或减少焦虑，厌恶或痛苦
• 尽量减少或阻止与痴迷相关的感知风险/恐惧结果

For example, a person with OCD might perform compulsive behaviors because they feel that something bad will happen if they do not. Performing the compulsion can also be a way for a person with OCD to quiet recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant anxiety or distress.

强迫通常由内部张力驱动，并且某种意义上必须以特定的顺序进行行为，使得它感到“恰到好处”。

Common Compulsions

强迫症的经历对每个人都是不同的with the condition, but there are several types of compulsive behaviors that are common.

Washing and Cleaning

Compulsive behaviors related to cleanliness are often in response to痴迷s about germsand contamination. Examples of these behaviors include hand washing or washing another part of the body in a certain way; excessive use of sanitizers, soaps, and other cleaning agents; excessive grooming and toileting routines; excessive cleaning of objects or items in the environment; and any other behaviors aimed at removing germs/dirt/contamination.

Checking

"Checking" behaviors are those that are carried out to provide reassurance that one did not or will not harm oneself or others. People with OCD may also perform these compulsions to reassure or ensure that they not make a mistake or do something perceived as unethical or immoral.

有时，OCD的人发现，检查行为有助于他们确保发生任何糟糕的情况或者会发生任何糟糕的情况，或者会导致自己和其他人的健康和安全发生。

心理仪式

People with mental compulsions may spend a great deal of time thinking through something for clarification or attempting to figure out or better understand.

他们可能会坚持过去的事件，精神审查沟通，祈祷以防止伤害，或以特定的方式或特定的数量计数。

有时，人们会用语言（大声或在他们的脑海中）一个特定的词或短语，感觉是“好”来取代或修复something that feels “bad"or imagine a “good” image to replace a “bad” image.

重复

必须一遍又一遍地完成的强制可以涉及重新阅读，重新写作或重复常规动作/活动，repeating body movements, or carrying out any other action a certain number of times.

需要说明

有OCD的人可能有关于撒谎的痴迷和相关强迫。为了解决这些痴迷的焦虑事因，它们可能会被迫详细地告诉或承认甚至是无害的信息。

They may use statements of uncertainty like "maybe" instead of a more definitive "yes" or "no" to ensure that they are accurate and have not inadvertently lied (for example, if they later change their mind about something).

Rituals Surrounding Morality & Ethics

有些人致力于道德或道德标准。它们可以根据具体值进行过度僵化的行为（例如宗教周围的实践，环境问题，健康和健康）。

“Just Right" / Tourettic / Tic-Related Compulsions

"Just right" compulsions can involve counting, symmetry or evening up, arranging, ordering, positioning, touching, and tapping. There may be no elaborate obsession or feared outcome that drives this behavior. Sometimes it's an intense somatic and/or psychological tension or discomfort—often described as something feeling incomplete or “not right”—which is relieved by performing the behavior.

Ordering or arrangingobjects or items until it feels “right" is another facet of these compulsions.

Avoidance

People with OCD may avoid anyanxiety-provoking stimuliassociated with an obsession to minimize harm and decrease anxiety or distress.

Diagnostic Criteria for OCD

精神障碍的诊断和统计手册，第五版（DSM-5），概述“强迫症状和相关疾病”的诊断标准。

To be diagnosed with OCD, a person must meet the following criteria:

• The presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.
• 痴迷或强迫是耗时的（例如，每天服用超过1小时）或在一个人的日常运作中造成显着的痛苦或受损。
• The symptoms are not better accounted for by the physiological effects of a substance, medical condition, or other mental disorder.

It's not uncommon for aperson with OCD to have good insight。他们可能表达了对行为的不合理的理解，但强迫的定义是，即使在他们的行为是极端的认识，人们也会感到无法停止。

When someone has poor insight, the symptoms can appear more like妄想。It's important that mental health professionals differentiate between symptoms of OCD and those of disorders such asschizophrenia。

Sometimes, the symptoms of OCD are related to tics, especially if a person has a history of a tic disorder (such asTourette syndrome）。

A Word From Verywell

People with OCD may feel compelled to perform certain actions or behaviors, both internal and external, to minimize anxiety, fear, or other intense emotions. The drive to perform these behaviors can be distressing, as the person may be aware that they are extreme, but feels unable to stop.

如果有人有OCD的症状，医生或心理健康专业人员可以使用特定的一系列标准来诊断该病症，这是万博手机客户端迈向治疗的第一步。COCD的症状，包括强迫，可能难以忍受，但可以用治疗，药物和行为修改的组合来管理病症。还有一人和在线支持社区可以是安全的空间，提供可靠的信息，并帮助OCD与资源连接的人。