What Is Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits. Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder have little capacity—and perhaps even need—for close relationships.

他们经常被描述为偏心或奇怪。他们可能是可疑和别人的偏执狂。他们遇到“僵硬”，似乎不适合他们走的任何地方。

Schizotypal Personality Disorder Symptoms

Individuals with schizotypal personality disorders experience extreme discomfort during interpersonal interactions.

The disorder also involves distorted thinking and eccentric behavior—which tends to push people away and create even more isolation.

Superstitious Beliefs

有时，有斯分比人格障碍的个体迷信或全神贯注于超出在其文化中预期的预期。

他们可能会认为他们有特殊能力或魔法control over others (such as thinking the reason their co-worker is leaving early is that they wished an illness upon them). They may also believe their behavior prevents a harmful outcome, such as thinking that they can prevent bad things from happening by placing an object in a certain place.

They may experience perceptual alternations, such as hearing someone mumbling their name or sensing that a spirit is present.

Their speech may be vague or incoherent at times. They may use strange phrases or talk in a way that confuses others.

Strange Behavior

They might also appear constricted and show little emotion during their interactions. They may have unusual mannerisms, such as an unkempt manner of dress.

They may occasionally express sadness over their lack of close relationships but their behavior suggests they have little desire for close connections. They often interact with people when they have to but prefer to keep to themselves.

它们也可能在极端压力（持续时间持续时间）期间体验瞬态精神病集，但它们没有常规的幻觉或妄想（例如在精神分裂症的情况下）。

DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

According to the fifth edition of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual, symptoms must begin by early adulthood. In order to meet the criteria for a diagnosis, individuals must experience at least five of the following symptoms:

• Ideas of reference（对该人具有不寻常的意义的因果事故或事件的解释不正确）
• Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms
• 不寻常的感知体验，包括身体幻想
• 奇怪的思考和言语
• Suspiciousness andparanoid ideation
• Inappropriate and constricted affect
• Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar
• Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives
• Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about oneself

The symptoms may begin during childhood or adolescence. Symptoms evident during childhood may include:

• 同伴关系不佳
• 社会焦虑,隔离
• Underachievement in school
• 超敏争度
• Peculiar thoughts and language
• 奇怪的幻想

Causes

In community studies, the prevalence of schizotypal personality disorder ranges from .6 percent of the population in Norway to 4.6 percent in samples taken in the United States.

没有一个已知的鞘型人格障碍的原因。然而，它似乎有一个强大的遗传组成部分。

个人first-degree biological relatives with schizophrenia are more likely to have a schizotypal personality disorder.

Diagnosis

A mental health professional can diagnose a schizotypal personality disorder. Like all personality disorders, a clinician must take into account what type of impairments are caused by the symptoms.

Someone who is eccentric with few friends doesn’t necessarily have a schizotypal personality disorder. In order to meet the criteria for a diagnosis, the symptoms must interfere with a person’s social, occupational, or educational functioning.

Assessment tools may be used as part of the diagnostic process. The individual may be given a questionnaire to complete or may be asked to answer specific diagnostic questions.

Sometimes, close family members are interviewed as well.

Ruling out Other Disorders

Before a diagnosis can be made, a clinician must rule out other disorders that can cause someone to exhibit symptoms that appear similar to the symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder.精神分裂症,bipolar disorder,psychotic disorders,neurodevelopmental disorders, and other人格障碍可能会与斯分比人格障碍混淆，因为它们有一些共同的特征。

Schizotypal Personality Disorder Treatment

像其他一样人格障碍, there is no cure for schizotypal personality disorder. Like all personality disorders, the symptoms are likely to persist throughout the life span. That doesn’t mean you can’t reduce the severity of the symptoms or improve your functioning, however.

Over half of individuals with schizotypal personality disorder may have a history of at least one depressive episode. Sometimes, individuals seek treatment for their depression, rather than the symptoms related to their personality disorder.

治疗for schizotypal personality disorder may include a combination of psychotherapy and medication.

Psychotherapy may includecognitive-behavioral therapyto address distorted thinking patterns and to teach specific social skills. It may also help address problematic behavior.

家庭疗法也可用于帮助家庭成员了解症状，并协助帮助每个人更好地沟通并支持个人。

虽然没有用于治疗血栓型人格障碍的特定药物，但药物可用于解决抑郁，焦虑或精神病症状。一些药物可能会减少扭曲的思维。

Coping

Positive life experiences can be key to coping with schizotypal personality disorder. Forming relationships—even though it’s difficult to do—can reduce the distress associated with schizotypal personality disorder.

Additionally, a sense of achievement can also reduce symptoms. Getting a job, volunteering, going to school, or engaging in community activities can be helpful.

A Word From Verywell

If you suspect that you may have schizotypal personality disorder, talk to your doctor. A medical professional can refer you to a mental health specialist for evaluation and treatment. Getting the right support and treatment, is key to living well with schizotypal personality disorder.