创伤后应激障碍and Phobias

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)is the most common psychological disorder in people who have suffered severe trauma or natural disaster. However, some studies show that the risk of other anxiety disorders, including phobias, is also elevated in the months following serious trauma. Additionally, some of the symptoms of PTSD can mirror those of恐惧症，使诊断更加困难。以下是关于创伤后应激障碍和恐惧症的知识。

What Is PTSD?

PTSD is a complex psychological reaction to extreme stress or trauma. For PTSD to develop, the sufferer must have been exposed to a situation in which grave physical harm was present or threatened.示例situations that may lead to PTSDinclude combat, natural disaster, sexual abuse and viewing the death of another person.

Symptoms of PTSD

The创伤后应激障碍症状are far beyond those of a phobia, although some symptoms do overlap. PTSD has 17 specific symptoms, divided into three categories: re-experiencing, hyperarousal, and avoidance.

发生灾后焦虑障碍的危险因素

没有人能准确预测谁会患上创伤后应激障碍、恐惧症或其他疾病。尽管如此，某些特定的危险因素使其更可能发生紊乱。包括但不限于：

• 失去亲人
• Separation or Isolation
• Displacement from Home or Family
• Serious Harm to Self or Loved Ones

Age, gender, and social class also appear to play a role, with middle-aged females from a lower socioeconomic bracket apparently the most susceptible to developing disorders.

If you are concerned about your symptoms, see amental health professionalas soon as possible.

Differential Diagnosis

Most people who suffer from PTSD do not experience all of the symptoms. Some of the more commonly experienced symptoms of PTSD are similar to the symptoms of phobias. Likewise, other mental health conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder are sometimes triggered by disasters. It is also possible to develop more than one disorder simultaneously. Therefore, only a trained professional can decide which diagnosis is most appropriate.

危机纪念日

有趣的是，灾难发生后不久并不是PTSD、恐怖症和其他疾病发展的唯一高危时期。危机周年纪念日，或者创伤情况的周年纪念日，也会引发这些疾病。

Crisis anniversary reactions may develop slowly in the weeks and months preceding the anniversary date or may come on suddenly and unexpectedly. It is normal to feel some sadness and distress around the anniversary of any major trauma, but severe reactions may signal a disorder.

You can manage minor crisis anniversary reactions on your own by planning ahead for the date, staying busy and talking through your feelings with others. If your symptoms are more severe, however, it is important to seek treatment. Over time, an untreated anniversary reaction could develop into a chronic mental health disorder.

PTSD is the most common psychological disorder following a trauma. However, it is not the only anxiety disorder that may develop. If you have been through a serious event and are experiencing any unusual symptoms, visit a mental health professional as soon as possible.