病理赌博和赌博成瘾的迹象

Gambling addiction, also known as pathological gambling, compulsive gambling, problem gambling, or gambling disorder involves maladaptive patterns of gambling behavior that the individual persists with, despite negative consequences. This is consistent with behavior patterns observed in other addictions.

Gambling Disorder is currently the onlybehavioral addiction包括在Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders（DSM 5）。此前，病态赌博被归类为“脉冲控制障碍”，其中“基本特征是失败来抵抗脉冲，驱动或诱惑，以执行对这个人或其他有害的行为”（第609页，DSM-IV，美国精神科协会，1994年）。病理赌博一直更名为赌博障碍，并迁移到DSM 5中的新类别，成瘾和相关疾病5.由于问题赌博越来越认识到，问题赌博的治疗已经落入成瘾服务领域。

并非所有赌博都有害

Not all excessive gamblers are pathological, compulsive or problem gamblers. There are several different赌徒的类型。病理赌博的特点是：

• 与赌博关注
• 难以控制赌博行为，并努力停止不成功
• Negative consequences, such as family and job disruption, and lying about the extent of involvement with gambling
• Financial problems due to gambling, gambling with increasing amounts of money to achieve desired excitement and stealing money to fund gambling.
• Chasing losses

金钱是赌博经验的核心。赌博成瘾的人，与其他人一样，将许多不同的积极属性与金钱附加，例如权力，舒适，安全和自由。与其他人不同，他们未能认识到赌博使他们有可能失去所有这些属性的风险，并且赌博是一个随机的过程，赔率堆叠在他们身上，因此它们更有可能失去比胜利。此外，当他们赢得胜利时，赌博成瘾的人往往会很快赌博他们的奖金。

赌博行为

有许多不同的赌博行为，可以单独或在社交环境中参与。赌博行为的一些例子是：

• 纸牌游戏，如扑克
• 投注技能游戏
• Sports betting
• 答对了
• 彩票
• 老虎机，VLT
• Casinos
• 刮擦卡，打开或拉动选票
• 莱佛士

认知扭曲

Gambling is an ineffective and unreliable way of acquiring money. For someone to become addicted to gambling, their cognitions or thought processes mustbecome distorted到这一中心真理露出的人。

Many problem gamblers’ thoughts are distorted in the following ways:

Attribution:问题赌徒可能会相信他们的奖金因其努力而不是随机而发生的。

神奇的思维：问题赌徒可能相信以某种方式思考或希望将带来胜利或可以预测随机结果。他们也可能相信他们在某种程度上是特殊的，他们的特殊性将获得奖励。

迷信：问题赌徒可能相信幸运的魅力，某些衣服，坐着的方式等，可能导致胜利或损失。

系统：问题赌徒可能会相信，通过学习或弄清楚某种系统（以特定方式投注模式），可以克服房屋优势。虽然专业赌徒更能够预测与早期技术的支付，但依赖于更可预测的支出模式，这需要许多小时的仔细观察，而且机器总是保持更多的支付。

Selective recall:问题赌徒倾向于记住他们的胜利并忘记或掩盖他们的损失。

赌博设备的人身化：Problem gamblers sometimes attribute human characteristics to inanimate objects, which are part of the gambling process, thinking that a particular machine is punishing, rewarding or taunting them.

Near miss beliefs:Problem gamblers reduce the number of losing experiences in their minds by thinking they “almost” won. This justifies further attempts to win. Near misses can be as stimulating, or even more stimulating, than actual wins.

Chasing losses:Problem gamblers believe that they have not really lost money to gambling, but that it can be “won back” by further gambling.

其中许多思想扭曲导致高度急躁的行为模式，这是上瘾的特征。

赌博成瘾的争议

像其他一样behavioral addictions，赌博成瘾是一个有争议的想法。许多专家对赌博可以构成成瘾的想法，相信必须是一种精神活性物质，产生症状，例如物理耐受性和戒断，是一种真正的成瘾。

然而，赌博是在迄今为止研究文献和治疗服务的最佳行为成瘾;因此，病理赌博在行为上瘾者中具有最可信的信誉。

This is partly due to financial input from the gambling industry, whose contribution is tiny compared to the massive profits they make but greatly exceeds funding for research or treatment of any other behavioral addiction. Despite the fact that this funding has greatly increased public awareness of gambling problems and treatment services, the potential conflict of interest when funding comes from a source that makes a profit from gambling addiction is obvious.