焦虑药物安全为青少年吗?

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所有青少年有时会经历焦虑。在日期之前感到紧张,担心考试,并且在大展示中遇到增加的焦虑是正常的。但有时候,青少年经历了这么多焦虑,即损害他们的日常运作。

焦急的青少年的父母 - 以及青少年自己 - 往往是绝望的帮助。但是,很多人担心焦虑药是否对青少年来说是安全的。

青少年的焦虑药物类型

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, also known as SSRIs, are the most commonly prescribed medication for anxiety in children and teens. These may include medications such as Prozac (fluoxetine),塞克萨(citalopram),Zoloft.(sertraline), andLexapro(escitalopram).

SSRI增加了大脑中血清素水平。血清素是一种携带脑细胞之间的信号的神经递质。SSRI阻断大脑中血清素的重吸收,使其更加可用。

血清素 - 去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂,称为SNRIS,也可以用焦虑开放给青少年。Snris可包括药物如Cymbalta.(duloxetine) andEffexor XR(venlafaxine)。

像SSRIS一样,SNRIS影响大脑中的神经递质。SNRIS阻断两种神经递质在脑 - 血清素和去甲肾上腺素中的重吸收。

SSRIS和SNRIS的常见副作用

服用SSRIS或SNRIS时,许多青少年不会遇到任何副作用。他们做经验的副作用通常温和,通常在治疗的前几周内消失。

The most common side effects include:

  • 头晕
  • 口干
  • 过度出汗
  • 头痛
  • Nausea

其他可能的副作用可能包括:

  • 性功能的变化,如性欲减少,勃起功能障碍或难以实现性高潮
  • 便秘
  • Insomnia
  • Loss of appetite
  • Tiredness

向青少年的医生报告任何副作用是很重要的。如果一个药物不起作用或导致严重的副作用,你的青少年可能需要改变药物。

FDA Warnings About SSRIs and SNRIs

FDA于2004年发出警告,抗抑郁药物,例如许多常常用于治疗青春期焦虑的SSRIS和SNRI,可能会增加少数儿童和青少年的自杀思想和行为。

在导致警告的研究中没有报告自杀。但在临床试验中,与接受安慰剂的2%相比,在接受抗抑郁药的患者中,自杀思维或自杀行为的速度为4%。

为解决此问题,在处方将添加一个黑匣子警告。父母和青少年受到教育的潜在风险和青少年,密切监测频繁的约会。

一些专家一直批评FDA的黑匣子警告。批评者警告有些人可能无法获得他们需要的帮助,他们担心药物是不安全的。因此,警告可能会阻止父母获得帮助的帮助。

If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact theNational Suicide Prevention Lifelineat1-800-273-8255用于培训辅导员的支持和援助。如果您或亲人在立即危险,请致电911。

为了更多的心理健康万博手机客户端资源,看看我们的National Helpline Database

其他药物治疗青少年焦虑

Although SSRIs and SNRIs are most commonly used to treat anxiety in teens, other prescriptions may be used.苯二氮卓卓may be prescribed to teens with severe anxiety. They are usually short-term treatments.

苯二氮卓卓are less commonly prescribed because they have some associated dangers. Teens may grow dependent on them and benzodiazepines may be abused. Stopping them suddenly could lead to withdrawal symptoms or even seizures.

Occasionally, physicians may prescribe other medications to treat anxiety, such as antihistamines or atypical antipsychotics.

青少年应该寻求帮助焦虑

有许多不同类型的焦虑,如社交焦虑,separation anxiety, 恐慌症,generalized anxiety, 和创伤后应激障碍。还有许多不同类型的恐惧症可能会影响青少年的日常生活。

当它影响青少年的社会,职业或教育作用时,焦虑会出现问题。以下是焦虑产生问题的几次示例:

  • A teen thinks everyone is always staring at her. She refuses to eat lunch in the cafeteria and she avoids talking in class.
  • A teen survived a near-fatal car accident on a rainy evening. Several months later, he continues to have nightmares and flashbacks. He refuses to get in a car when it’s raining.
  • A teen has started experiencing panic attacks. She’s worried they will happen when she’s at school. She has started refusing to go to school.

According to the Child Mind Institute, 80% of young people with anxiety don’t get treatment. That’s unfortunate because anxiety is treatable. And sometimes, that treatment includes medication.

何时使用药物治疗焦虑

对于温和至中等功能障碍,美国的儿童学会和青少年精神病学会建议推迟使用药物。

青少年和他们的父母经常受到焦虑和管理症状的最佳策略。它们也可以提及认知行为治疗。如果这些策略在减少损伤方面没有有效,或者如果青少年具有中度至严重的焦虑,则可以使用药物来管理症状。

As with all medications, prescriptions used to treat anxiety have risks. They are prescribed, however, when a physician or psychiatrist thinks the benefits outweigh those risks.

How to Help an Anxious Teen

如果你的青少年正在努力焦虑,请和医生谈谈。描述您的疑虑并询问您的治疗方案。虽然一些初级保健医生和儿科医生感到舒适地规定青少年的抗焦虑药,但其他人可能会将儿童推荐给精神科医生。

精神科医生是治疗心理健康障碍的专家。万博手机客户端如果您对青少年的诊断或治疗计划有疑虑,请寻求第二种意见。与另一个专业人士交谈可以帮助您决定最佳行动方案。

Always educate yourself about any medications your child is taking. Read the handouts, ask questions, and talk to the doctor and the pharmacist. Monitor your teen’s compliance with taking medication. Make sure she’s taking it as prescribed. Skipping doses or doubling up on pills could be harmful.

参加青少年的约会。与医生讨论您拥有的任何疑虑,并了解您的青少年的进度。

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Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial process要了解有关我们如何检查的更多信息,请保持内容准确,可靠和值得信赖。
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  • Anxiety and Depression Association of America.Children and Teens

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