什么是近期烦躁障碍（PMDD）？

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a mood disorder that occurs during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. While similar to that of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), the symptoms of PMDD are much more severe and can lead to extreme mood changes that can disrupt daily life and functioning.

研究表明，患有过早的疑风疾病的女性可能发生影响身体如何处理压力和性激素的基因的变化。这些差异意味着具有PMDD的女性对影响情绪和一般福祉的激素具有更大的敏感性。

While PMS can have an impact on a woman's life and functioning, it is not classified as a disorder and the symptoms can usually be self-managed. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is classified as a mental disorder by theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition(DSM-5）。

Symptoms

Some of the major symptoms of PMDD include:

• Severe mood swings
• 物理症状，包括乳房柔软，膨胀和头痛
• 悲伤的感觉
• Irritability and anger that is directed toward others
• 缺乏对活动的兴趣
• Lack of energy and fatigue
• 睡眠障碍
• Food cravings and binges
• 麻烦集中或思考

症状在肺癌期间开始，或排卵后，月经开始后不久结束。

Causes

PMDD的出现原因和治疗研究，但证据表明该病症受到对性激素的遗传敏感性的影响。虽然PMDD被认为具有生物原因，但research has shown感知压力等环境变量也可以增加病情的风险和严重程度。

The condition is estimated to be about 50% heritable.

Diagnosis

诊断前期困难症通常始于您的医生，以健康历史并进行体检。在大多数情况下，您需要保留日历以跟踪至少两个月经周期的症状。

In order to be diagnosed with PMDD, women must experience at least five symptoms across two domains, one involving mood and the other physical symptoms. Women must experience these symptoms during the premenstrual phase and symptoms must be mostly absent within the week following menses. These symptoms must also interfere with functioning in work, school, relationships, and other important life areas and must not be related to an existing condition or caused by substance use.

Treatment

Treatments for PMDD are focused on minimizing and managing the symptoms of the condition. Some of the treatment options include:

• Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),have been shownto be effective for treating PMDD symptoms
• 计划生育
• 生活方式适应包括饮食，运动和压力管理技术的变化万博manbetx是正规公司吗
• Medications to treat physical symptoms including diuretics for fluid retention and anti-inflammatory drugs for pain
• 月经产品的变化，特别是如果这些往往会导致不适或刺激

In 2010, the FDA approved a birth control pill (sold under the brand-name Beyaz) to treat PMDD. This oral contraceptive contains a combination of drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol that may help alleviate symptoms of this condition, but you should talk to your doctor to determine if this option is right for you.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may also be used alone or in conjunction with other treatments.

应对

PMDD的情绪变化和身体症状可以使其难以应对日常生活并管理您的关系。你可能会感到烦躁，沮丧，生气，这可能导致对你周围的人们提出这些感受。除了从医疗专业人员获得治疗外，还有自我保健步骤，您可以采取自我保健步骤来帮助管理这种情况的症状。

• 冥想，定期运动和瑜伽等天然处理可以有效地帮助管理压力。这种做法也可以帮助您应对焦虑和抑郁症的症状。
• You should use caution and talk to your doctor before you try using any herbal remedies to alleviate your symptoms. Some herbal supplements such as St. John’s wort, can have adverse reactions when taken with other medications.
• Getting plenty of rest and eating a healthy diet can also help. Avoiding high-salt foods may help prevent bloating and water retention. Minimize sugar and simple-carbohydrate consumption in order to prevent fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Focus on eating complex carbs, getting plenty of fiber and protein, and drinking enough fluids.

A Word From Verywell

应对策略可能有用，但如果您的症状没有通过自我治疗或症状干扰您的日常运作，您应该联系您的医疗保健提供者，或者您的症状包括您的心理福祉，您的关系或您的工作。