A Biography of Lev Vygotsky, One of the Most Influential Psychologists

Lev Vygotsky是一个最闻名的俄罗斯心理学家社会文化理论。He believed that social interaction plays a critical role in children's learning.

通过这种社会互动，孩子们经历了一个持续的学习过程。Vygotsky指出，文化深刻地影响了这一过程。模仿，指导学习和协作学习都在他的理论中发挥着关键部分。

Vygotsky's Early Life

Lev Vygotsky was born November 17, 1896, in Orsha, a city in the western region of the Russian Empire.

他参加了莫斯科国立大学，1917年毕业于法律学位。Vygotsky在大学时研究了一系列主题，包括社会学，语言学，心理学和哲学。万博maxbetx官网登陆然而，他在心理学中的正式工作直到1924年在莫斯科的心理万博maxbetx官网登陆学研究所就开始。

He completed a dissertation in 1925 on the psychology of art but was awarded his degree in absentia due to an acute tuberculosis relapse that left him incapacitated for a year.

Following his illness, Vygotsky began researching topics such as language, attention, and memory with the help of students, including Alexei Leontiev and Alexander Luria.

Vygotsky's Career and Theories

Vygotsky was a prolific writer, publishing six books on psychology topics over a ten-year period. His interests were diverse but often centered on issues of child development and education. He also explored the psychology of art and language development.

近端发展区

根据Vygotsky的说法，近端发展区域是“实际发展水平之间的距离，由独立问题解决以及通过在成人指导下或与更有能力的同龄人协作确定的问题解决的潜在发展水平。”（Lev Vygotsky，在社会中，1978）。

父母和教师可以通过提供躺在儿童近端发展的教育机会的教育机会来培养学习。孩子们还可以从同龄人那里学到很多。教师可以通过对具有更多知识渊博的同学配对更少的技能的儿童来培养这一过程。

更知识的其他人

Vygotsky构思了更知识渊博，作为具有比学习者更高知识和技能的人。在许多情况下，这个人是父母或老师等成年人。

Kids also learn a great deal from their interactions with their peers. Children often pay more attention to what friends and classmates know and are doing then they do to the adults in their life.

孩子们可以观察和模仿（甚至接收）导指导，以获得新的知识和技能。

Sociocultural Theory

Lev Vygotsky还建议人类发展results from a dynamic interaction between individuals and society. Through this interaction, children learn gradually and continuously from parents and teachers.

However, this learning varies from one culture to the next. It's important to note that Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the dynamic nature of this interaction. Society does not just impact people; people also affect their society.

Contributions to Psychology

Vygotsky的生活于1934年6月11日在37岁时死于肺结核，仍然被认为，Vygotsky被认为是一种心理学的形成者，今天的大部分工作仍然被发现和探索。万博maxbetx官网登陆

其中部分是因为共产党经常批评Vygotsky在俄罗斯的工作，使他的着作在西方世界上很大难以进入。他37岁的过早死亡也为他的默默无闻贡献。

尽管如此，自从他的死亡以来，Vygotsky的工作继续影响 - 特别是在发展领域和教育心理学万博maxbetx官网登陆。

It wasn't until the 1970s that Vygotsky's theories became known in the West as new concepts and ideas were introduced in the fields of educational anddevelopmental psychology。

从那时起，Vygotsky的作品已被翻译并且已经变得非常有影响力，特别是在教育领域。

Vygotsky vs. piaget.

皮卡和vygotsky是同时代人，但Vygotsky的思想并没有众所周知，直到他死后长。虽然他们的想法有一些相似之处，但也存在显着差异，包括：

• 随着Piaget所做的，Vygotsky并没有将开发分解为一系列预定阶段。
• Vygotsky stressed the important role that culture plays, suggesting cultural differences can have a dramatic effect on development. Piaget’s theory suggests that development is largely universal.
• 皮亚杰的理论集中了大量的关注on peer interaction while Vygotsky’s theory stresses the importance of more knowledgeable adults and peers.
• Vygotsky的理论大力强调了语言在发展中发挥的作用，皮亚杰在很大程度上被忽视了。

In His Own Words

“学习不仅仅是获取思考的能力;它是收购许多思考各种事物的专业能力。” - Lev Vygotsky，在社会中，1978年

Selected Publications

Vygotsky LS.心灵在社会中：发展更高的心理过程。Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1978.

Vygotsky LS.Thought and Language。Kozulin A, trans. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 1986. (Original work published in 1934)

Vygotsky LS.Thinking and Speech。minick n，trans。纽约：全部媒体;1987年（原创作品于1934年发布）

If you're interested in reading some of Vygotsky's works, many of his writings are available in full-text format at theVygotsky互联网档案。