Carl Rogers心理学家传记

Carl Rogers被广泛认为是心理学中最着名的思想家之一。万博maxbetx官网登陆他最为罕见地开发称为客户中心治疗的心理治疗方法，并成为人文心理学的创始人之一。万博maxbetx官网登陆

Early Life

Carl Ransom Rogers was born in 1902 in Oak Hill, Illinois. His father was a civil engineer, and his mother was a housewife; he was the fourth of six children. Rogers was a high achiever in school from an early age: He started reading before age 5 and was able to skip kindergarten and first grade.

When he was 12, his family moved from the suburbs to a rural farm area. He enrolled at the University of Wisconsin in 1919 as an agriculture major. However, after attending a 1922 Christian conference in China, Rogers began to question his career choice. He later changed his major to History with plans to become a minister.

他于1924年毕业于威斯康星州大学，历史学士学位，并于1926年转移到哥伦比亚大学师范学院，以完成他的硕士学位。

他选择放弃他对神学追求的一个原因是一位学生导向的宗教研讨会，导致他质疑他的信仰。他对心理学的研究的另一个启发是他在心理学家教授的哥伦比亚大学的课程万博maxbetx官网登陆Leta Stetter Hollingworth.。

Rogers considered psychology to be a way to continue studying life's many questions without having to subscribe to a specific doctrine. He decided to enroll in the clinical psychology program at Columbia and completed his doctorate in 1931.

Career

收到他的博士后，罗杰斯在学术界工作了多年，在俄亥俄州州立大学，芝加哥大学和威斯康星大学举行职位。

这是在此期间，罗杰斯开发了他对治疗方法的方法，他最初被称为“非展望治疗”。这种方法涉及作为促进者而不是治疗会议的署长的治疗师，最终被称为客户中心的治疗。

1946年，罗杰斯当选为美国心理学会主席。罗杰斯写了19本书和众多文章，概述了他的人文理论。在他最着名的作品中是Client-Centered Therapy（1951），On Becoming a Person（1961），和一种存在的方式(1980).

After some conflicts within the psychology department at the University of Wisconsin, Rogers accepted a position at the Western Behavioral Studies Institute (WBSI) in La Jolla, California. Eventually, he and several colleagues left WBSI to form the Center for Studies of the Person (CSP).

Important Theories

Self-Actualization

Rogers believed that all people possess an inherent need to grow and achieve their potential. This need to achieve自我实现, he believed, was one of the primary motives driving behavior.

Unconditional Positive Regard

For psychotherapy to be successful, Rogers suggested, it was imperative for the therapist to provideunconditional positive regardto the client. This means that the therapist accepts the client as they are and allows them to express both positive and negative feelings without judgment or reproach.

自我的发展

Rogers believed that the formation of a healthy self-concept was an ongoing process shaped by a person's life experiences. People with a stable sense of self tend to have greater confidence and cope more effectively with life's challenges.

Rogers suggested thatself-conceptbegins to develop during childhood and is heavily influenced by parenting. Parents who offer their children unconditional love and regard are more likely to foster a healthy self-concept. Children who feel that they have to “earn” their parents' love may end up with low self-esteem and feelings of unworthiness.

Congruence

Rogers also suggests that people tend to have a concept of their “ideal self.” The problem is that our image of who we think we should be does not always match up with our perceptions of who we are today. When our self-image does not line up with our ideal self, we are in a state of incongruence.

Rogers believed that by receiving unconditional positive regard and pursuing self-actualization, however, people can come close to reaching a state of congruence.

The Fully-Functioning Person

Rogers suggested that people who continually strive to fulfill their actualizing tendency could become what he referred to as fully-functioning. Afully-functioning person是一个完全一致和生活的人。

与他理论的许多其他方面一样，无条件的积极方面在全部运作的发展中起着关键作用。那些获得非赦免的支持和爱情的人可以发展自尊和信心，成为他们可以成为最好的人，并达到他们的全部潜力。

Contributions to Psychology

With his emphasis on human potential, Carl Rogers had an enormous influence on both psychology and education. Beyond that, he is considered by many to be one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. More therapists cite Rogers as their primary influence than any other psychologist.

As described by his daughter Natalie Rogers, he was "a model for compassion and democratic ideals in his own life, and in his work as an educator, writer, and therapist."

In His Own Words

“经验是，对我来说，是最高权威的。有效性的黄石是我自己的经历。没有别人的想法，我自己的想法和我的经历都是权威的。这是经历我必须一次又一次地返回发现一个近似的真相，因为它正在成为我的过程。“-卡尔罗杰斯，On Becoming a Person, 1954

Selected Publications

罗杰斯,c (1951)客户中心治疗：其目前的实践，含义和理论。波士顿：Houghton Mifflin。

Rogers, C. (1961)成为一个人：治疗师对心理治疗的看法。波士顿：Houghton Mifflin。

罗杰斯，C。（1980）一种存在的方式。波士顿：Houghton Mifflin。

传记

科恩，D。（1997）卡尔罗杰斯。一个关键的传记。London: Constable.

Thorne, B. (1992)卡尔罗杰斯。London: Sage.