智商高的人更成功吗?

虽然可能是自然的，但是假设具有极高智商的人有成功的诀窍。从杰伊·盖茨比在超人漫画中的“伟大的盖茨比”到“伟大的盖茨比”，我们来联系超级聪明。

甚至唐纳德特朗普总统甚至宣称有一个智商在宣传中的“最高”之一2013年推文，暗示他的财富是以某种方式与他联系在一起智力。

But for every individual we ascribe as "genius," from Mark Zuckerberg to Steve Jobs, there are just as many like Nobel Prize laureate John Nash (of "A Brilliant Mind" fame) and mathematician Kurt Gödel who struggled with mental illness and personal crises. In fact, some research indicates a correlation between high intelligence and mental health issues.

在克里克里数时，是否有任何真正的证据表明智商可以预测一个人的成功可能性，无论是金融，学术还是创造性？

了解IQ测试

The非常先IQ测试旨在识别需要额外的学术帮助的学童。随着时间的推移，这种意图被翻转，测试迅速转变为识别比平均水平更高的智力的个人。

Terman对天赋的研究

随着智商测试的出现，研究人员开始研究更高的测试是否影响了一个人的学术成功。

在20世纪20年代初，心理学​​家刘易斯Terman开始调查与天才级别的儿童的情感和社会发展技能。基于加利福尼亚州的研究，Terman选定了1,500岁的儿童，其中八年和12岁之间的平均IQ为150人。其中80岁以上得分超过170。

Over the next few years, Terman continued to track the children and found that most were socially and physically well-adjusted. Not only were they academically successful, but they also tended to be healthier, stronger,taller,and less accident-prone than a matched set of children with normal IQs.

Correlation of Intelligence and Achievement

其中一些原始参与者在Terman研究中是着名的教育心理学家Lee Chronbach，“我爱露西”作家Jess Oppenheimer，Child Psycopolare Robert Sears，Scientis Ancel Keys，以及50多名其他人以来成为学院和大学的教师成员。

When looking at the group as a whole, Terman reported:

• 1955年，Terman的科目的平均收入令人印象深刻的33,000美元，而全国平均水平为5,000美元。
• 三分之二赢得了大学学位，而大量则达到毕业后和专业学位。其中许多人已成为医生，律师，商业管理人员和科学家。

As impressive as these results seemed, the success stories appeared to be more the exception than the rule. In his own evaluation, Terman noted that the majority of subjects pursued occupations "as humble as those of policeman, seaman, typist and filing clerk" and finally concluded that "intelligence and achievement were far from perfectly correlated."

Personality Traits and Success

研究员Melita Oden在他死亡之后进行的Terman的研究，决定将100个最成功的科目（A组）与100个最不成功（C组）进行比较。虽然它们基本上具有相同的IQ水平，但C组中的人只略高于时间的平均收入，并且比A组中的个人更高的酗酒和离婚率。

According to Oden, the disparity was explained, in large part, by the psychological characteristics of the groups. Those in Group A tended to exhibit "prudence and forethought,willpower，坚持不懈，欲望Excel。“此外，作为成年人，他们在大多数C组科目中表现出三个关键特征：目标导向，自信，坚持不懈。

批评Terman研究

虽然Terman研究的调查结果引人注目，但它们通常被批评，以便排除可能导致人的成功或失败的因素。这包括大萧条和第二次世界大战对一个人的教育程度和性别政治的影响，这些政治限制了妇女的专业前景。

Other researchers have since suggested that any randomly selected group of children with similar backgrounds would have been just as successful as Terman's original subjects.

What This Tells Us

One thing that IQ scores can reliably predict is a person's academic success in school. Research also suggests that people with high intelligence tend to be more successful at work as well.但是，在某些情况下，它可能只是相反的。

事实上，一些研究表明，具有特殊学术技能的儿童可能更容易患上抑郁和社会隔离，而不是较少的天赋。另一个人发现，具有较高智商的人更有可能吸烟并使用非法药物。

根据研究人员的说法，这是一个解释，是一个人格特点known as openness to experience. This trait is one of the key personality dimensions described in the big 5 theory of personality.

Openness is a trait that essentially removes unconscious barriers that would otherwise prevent a person from experiences considered socially unacceptable. Moreover, it is moderately associated with creativity, intelligence, and knowledge. By contrast, being closed to experience is more associated with routine, traditional behavior, and a narrower set of interests.

A Word From Verywell

While researchers continue to debate Terman's research, most are in agreement about the key finding: that while intelligence may suggest a potential for success, fulfilling that potential requires skills, traits, and support that IQ tests alone can't measure.