ADHD和抑郁症之间的关系

adhd和抑郁症是单独的疾病，但往往有很大的重叠。

如果您已被诊断出患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和抑郁症，您可能会怀疑在预后，治疗和生活方式的改变方面对您感到疑惑您可以提高您的情况。

什么是adhd？

在我们开始解开ADHD和抑郁症之间复杂的关系之前，重要的是要单独了解每个诊断所涉及的内容。

ADHD是一种神经发育障碍，这意味着它出现在童年时期，并且在整个一生中持续存在。被诊断为ADHD的人们可能表现出称为行政职能赤字的内容：他们努力遵守任务完成，并且很容易变得混乱，失踪的约会并失去他们的东西。

Inattentive

无私的ADHD的人难以持续关注他们发现无聊的任务，难以组织他们的思想和追随对话，并且可能很容易被他们周围的事情或自己的内部对话分散注意力。

过度活跃的冲动

People with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD have a constant feeling of being restless, may say things spontaneously without thinking first, and find it hard to stay still (such as sitting in a classroom for lessons).

无私和多活跃的组合

综合演示的人将经历亲属和过度活跃的脉冲症状。

What Is Depression?

萧条is more than just sadness or a case of the blues. Many people experience recurrent episodes that can last anywhere from weeks to months or longer.

Below are the most common symptoms of depression:

• 感到悲伤，绝望或空虚
• Being irritable, frustrated, or restless
• Loss of interest in things you used to like doing
• Having trouble concentrating
• 吃太少或太多了
• Having trouble falling asleep or waking up through the night
• 感到过于疲倦或疲惫

抑郁症可以让难以做的每天任务，如去上班，照顾你的个人卫生，吃健康的饭菜。当它严重时，它也是一种危及生命的疾病，导致自杀意念。

Overlap of ADHD and Depression

How do ADHD and depression overlap? We know that these are comorbid conditions, which means that when you are diagnosed with one, the odds of you also being diagnosed with the other are higher.

Below are some facts on the overlap of ADHD and depression:

• Teens with ADHD are 10 times more likely than their peers without ADHD to develop depression
• 与没有ADHD的成年人相比，抑郁症在成年人中有三倍。
• 被诊断出抑郁症的人往往具有约30％至40％的ADHD诊断率。
• 70% of people diagnosed with ADHD may also experience depression in their lifetime.

此外,在一项研究中,调查了来自th的数据e Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, it was found that rates of ADHD were higher among those who had severe depression, chronic depression, early-onset depression, or comorbid anxiety. This suggests a strong relationship between ADHD and depression.

With respect to suicidal ideation, a study of 627 undergraduates showed that a diagnosis of ADHD was related to increased suicidal ideation. This relationship was affected by various factors such as management of negative emotions, emotional awareness, and goal-oriented behavior.

Is It ADHD or Depression?

Sometimes it can be hard to tell ADHD and depression apart. This is because there are overlapping symptoms, but also because some ADHD medications can cause side effects that mimic depression such as loss of appetite or sleeping difficulties.

虽然ADHD和抑郁症都涉及与情绪，浓度和动机有关的问题，但他们确实有所不同。

心情

A person with ADHD may experience temporary mood lability all the way back to childhood, while a person with depression tends to have mood episodes, beginning in the teens or later, that last at least weeks or months.

动机

A person with ADHD can be motivated when something feels interesting to them, whereas a person with depression finds everything hard, regardless of whether it is interesting or exciting to them normally when they are not depressed.

Sleep

A person with ADHD has trouble falling asleep because of an active mind and not feeling tired, while a person with depression may feel tired but unable to sleep due to negative thoughts and失眠, may wake up through the night, or may sleep too long.

Course

The symptoms of ADHD are lifelong while major depression symptoms tend to last for a certain period before often improving to a normal level of functioning.

Risk Factors for Comorbid ADHD and Depression

有患有adhd和抑郁症的风险因素是什么？以下是已识别的一些风险因素。

• Being female:Although ADHD is more common in males, females are more likely to have comorbid ADHD and depression.
• 粗心的类型:Those diagnosed as inattentive type are more likely to also have a diagnosis of depression.
• 母亲的心理健康：万博手机客户端When a mother has depression during pregnancy, this is linked to a higher likelihood of giving birth to a child who is later diagnosed with ADHD, depression, or both.
• 早期出现：被诊断患有DHD during childhood is related to an increased risk of depression and suicidal thoughts later in life.
• 没有接受治疗：未经治疗的ADHD的人因较低的二次问题导致抑郁症的风险较高self esteem.

Treatment for Overlapping ADHD and Depression

What types of treatment are offered if you have overlapping ADHD and depression? It really depends on your particular situation.

药物

What medications might you be prescribed? Below is a list of some options you might be given:

Stimulants

Stimulants such asadderall.（Amphetamine /葡聚糖胺）可以为ADHD规定。兴奋剂有助于增加改善焦点的脑化学品。然而，它们可以具有副作用，例如胃口丧失或睡眠问题。

非刺激剂

非刺激剂such as Strattera (atomoxetine) may also be prescribed for ADHD.

抗抑郁药

抗抑郁药may be prescribed for depression includingWellbutrin(bupropion), which can also help relieve symptoms of ADHD. Antidepressants can take several weeks before you will know if they are working.

Therapy

Psychotherapy for ADHD aims at improving focus and building self-esteem, while therapy for depression may target identifying and replacing negative thoughts and behaviors (which may also be helpful for ADHD).

在一项关于ADHD的77名成年人的一项研究中，那些接受了广泛的心理治疗的人并且不太可能具有反应性思维的人员被认为是更有弹性的抑郁症。

Lifestyle Changes

What can you do on your own to improve your ADHD and depression? The basics are most important: eat healthy meals, exercise regularly (aerobic exercise is important if you have ADHD), and practice good sleep hygiene.

Another good strategy is to prevent yourself from becoming bored if you have ADHD, as this can worsen your mood.

One way to accomplish this is to keep an "interest closet" or another spot in your home where you store activities that you can do when you are feeling bored. Add things like books you want to read, crafts you want to do, etc. so that there's never a time that you're at a loss.

A Word From Verywell

ADHD and depression tend to overlap, so it's important to consult your doctor if you believe you may have symptoms of either mental health issue. Both need to be treated swiftly to avoid secondary problems down the road; however, the prognosis is good when you receive help tailored to your individual situation.