关键的外卖
- 当他们的男子气概受到威胁时,有些人积极回应,但并非所有人。
- 杜克大学的新研究表明,男子气概的较年轻人在很大程度上取决于别人的意见可能会因对他们的男子气概而言而言更加引发。
- 该研究发现,当他们的性别受到威胁时,女性似乎没有侵略。
问任何男人,他可能能够告诉你他的男子气概被挑战 - 在操场上,健身房或工作场所。这是最近的研究来自杜克大学,由亚当斯坦达兰领导,心理学和公共政策博士学位。万博maxbetx官网登陆
“Past research has found that in these threatening instances, some men will go to great—often aggressive—lengths to re-assert their manhood,” Stanaland says. “However, we know that not all men are threatenable in this way, so our research was about understanding which men become aggressive to defend their manhood (and why).”
Borrowing from past work on human motivation, the researchers hypothesized that when a man’s outward masculinity is more pressured or performative (versus being more self-motivated), he is likely to have a fragile identity that invokes aggression when threatened (to maintain his masculine façade).
“作为来自农村(美国)南部的人,我经历了这一压力及其后果第一手 - 我认为这项研究可以在我沿途听到的许多类似的故事中揭示了一些光线,”Stanaland说。
亚当斯坦达兰
Past research has found that in these threatening instances, some men will go to great—often aggressive— lengths to re-assert their manhood.
斯图什么了dy Find?
研究人员认为195名本科生和391名男子随机组,18-56岁。首先,参与者被问及关于“性别知识”的一系列问题 - 对于男性来说,这些问题包括关于体育,汽车机械和DIY项目的问题。在他们回答后,他们随机被告知他们的得分更高或更低而不是他们的普通人性别。Men who received a low score also were told they were "less manly than the average man."
接下来,要求研究参与者通过添加缺失的字母来完成一系列单词片段,以揭示他们的心态。
结果,发表于此Personal and Social Psychology Bulletin, revealed that the men’s responses varied depending on whether their sense of masculinity came from within, or relied on others.
Men with a strong sense of inner masculinity appeared unruffled by receiving a low score, but those with a more fragile sense of masculinity, whose feelings of masculinity relied on others, responded to word fragments with words that had violent associations. For example, when provided with the letters “ki” and asked to finish the word, they wrote “kill.”
亚当斯坦达兰
我们的调查结果使我们解开了年轻人感觉更多的压力,对威胁更敏感,因为它们处于重要的身份形成年 - 当重要的是将自己视为“男人”。
最年轻的学习参与者 - 年龄18-29 - 最有可能提供aggressive responses, while the mildest response came from the oldest group (38-over). And female students did not display a comparable aggressive reaction when their gender was threatened.
“Our findings led us to hypothesize that younger men feel more pressure and are more sensitive to threats because they are in crucial identity formation years—when it’s important to prove oneself as a “man” (e.g., provider, husband, business leader),” explains Stanaland. He adds that they plan to expand on this with further research.
斯坦达兰指出了两个令人惊讶的发现。“我们问我们的第二个样本的男人,他们第一次经历了阳刚的压力 - 我们认为的相同压力是脆弱的男性气质,”他说。“男子报告说,他们大约13岁,比我们预期的年龄大,但符合过去对男孩的社会的研究青春期发展和青春期。“
Ginamarie Guarino,LMHC
对于男女来说,性别都落在频谱上。没有人,男人或女人,是100%男性或女性化。在讨论性别身份时,应当解决男性的社会压力,因为所有人都有被认为是男性和女性化的品质,就像女性一样。
As Stanaland explains, puberty is a time when boys (and girls) undergo drastic physical, social, and emotional change. "We are conducting new research to explore when and why fragile masculinity might have its origins in adolescence," he says.
研究人员也感到惊讶的是,没有其他流行的性别身份特征 - 过去的研究已经广泛使用 - 与男性的侵略有关。“这让我们得出结论,有一些独特的东西,并对压力的人经历了stereotypically masculine在性别限制性文化中导致脆弱的身份状态,“斯坦达尔说。
请记住,性别落在频谱上
重要的是要记住,许多人不会认为“男性”或“男性”或“女性”或“女性”。
"For both men and women, gender falls on a spectrum," says licensed mental health counselorGinamarie Guarino., LMHC. "Nobody, man or woman, is 100% masculine or feminine. The societal pressure on men to be men should be addressed when discussing gender identity because all men have qualities that are被认为是男性和女性化的就像女人一样。“
瓜里诺相信societal pressure在男人“成为男人”可能会源于许多不同的因素。“历史上看,它教导了一个人被认为是一个提供者,保护者,甚至有时是一个战斗机,而女人则是尼斯特,养育者和支持者,”她说。“这可以对男人来说是男性和强大的压力。尽管这种压力,但许多人不会落到阳刚地的极端,并且可以落在男性和女性之间的频谱上。”
Ginamarie Guarino,LMHC
Since boys are taught to be tough and unfeeling, they feel pressure to hide their feminine qualities. They may even reject those qualities entirely, but that does not mean they go away. Their feminine qualities lie dormant in a boy, which results in internal conflict for him.
Man to man, certain labels are considered to be taboo, Guarino adds—like "sensitive," "nurturing," and "emotional."
“从童年开始,雄性不鼓励展示自己的这些部分,这教会他们抑制了这些感受,”她解释道。“由于男孩被教导得艰难而感到艰难,他们感到压力,隐藏他们的女性化的品质。他们甚至完全拒绝这些品质,但这并不意味着他们消失了。他们的女性素质在一个男孩中休眠,这导致内部的休眠对他的冲突。“
防止进一步歪曲它是“成为一个人”的进一步歪曲的唯一方法是解决压力并教育所有代文,父母可以发挥重要作用。
“男孩的父母需要了解女性的品质并不是一件坏事,”瓜里诺说。“他们没有为失败的男孩建立一个男孩。类似于年轻女孩经常看到的'tomboy'个性,让一个男孩拥抱他们的女性侧可以导致一个圆满的成年人,这是任何父母的目标他们的孩子。”
这对你意味着什么
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Remember, there are many ways to "be a man" (and "be a woman")—and none of them are more valid than the others. Being true to yourself is the first step to happiness and fulfillment.