性别不合格的意思是什么？

Sex is a group of biological traits linked to reproduction. This is different, however, from gender. Gender is the set of roles, expectations, and scripts (generally called "norms") that we ascribe to different sexes. Gender is socially constructed—meaning that gender roles appear when humans live in groups—and can vary from culture to culture.

However, every culture has a concept of gender and gender roles. In North America, we have two genders: men and women. Without thinking too hard, we can think of many sentences that stereotypically describe men and women in our culture:

• 男人是坚忍的。
• 男人很强大。
• 男人是努力工作者。
• 男人是保护者。
• 女人是温柔的。
• 女人是被动的。
• 女人是情绪化的。
• 女人是母亲。

The idea of "gender conformity" is based on these norms. This idea contends that people with penises are men and they should be stoic, strong, hard workers, and protectors. By the same logic, people with vaginas are women and they should be gentle, passive, emotional, and motherly.

性别角色的问题

性别角色,尽管现有无论人类押尾学e together, can be oppressive and even harmful. A man can have a gentle and motherly character and be unable to express it because it is too "feminine." A woman can be athletic and stoic and people will call her a "tomboy." Women who dress in a masculine way are often thrown out of women's bathrooms. Men who dress in feminine ways are laughed at, bullied, or worse.

当采取极端时，坚持性别符合性会导致暴力和死亡。跨越妇女被殴打并被杀死，因为简单地是反式。男同性恋者也是暴力的受害者，因为他们并没有被他们“被认为”被吸引的性别吸引。有许多结构，机构和信仰，试图让男人和女性在整洁，独立的盒子里。

当有人闯入盒子时，他们会嘲笑嘲笑，不屑和暴力，迫使他们符合的最终目标。性别角色限制了任何人可以做些什么，并将一个人的生命减少到他/她“应该”做的事情。它迫使人们进行预期的内容，而不是真实地生活，因为他们觉得他们是谁。

Gender Nonconformity

性别不合格只是不符合性别角色。在实践中，它可以意味着像戴着领带的女人一样简单，或者是复杂和生活变化的东西，因为从一个性别到另一个性别转变。

There are obvious problems with using "nonconformity" as a way to describe people who don't follow gender norms. It implies that conformity is a good and desirable thing, rather than something that harms everyone.

Living out every gender norm in our culture is an impossible task. However, researchers of gender and gender norms have known for a long time that seeing transgression of gender norms makes people uncomfortable.

People who transgress gender norms are also seen as being lower in social status, not being straight, and having values that are radically different from our own.

This discomfort comes from an ingrained human need to categorize people. And the most essential category we have for classifying humans is gender: is this person a man or a woman? This categorization allows a lot of other judgments to be made: if this person is dangerous, if this person is a potential mate, what this person possibly does for a living, and more.

当我们遇到某人时，我们无法轻易分类，我们通常会因不适和混乱而作出反应。

Transgender People

谈到性别一致性的一个重要问题是它如何适应变性人。请记住，“跨性别”意味着识别与出生时的人分配的性别不同的性别。跨性别妇女是在出生时分配男性的女性，而跨性别男性是在出生时被分配的男性。

确定他们在出生时分配的性别的人称为Cisbender。（CIS意思是“这个方面”，反式是“侧面”或“跨越”。）变性人通常需要履行其性别以便被接受。

例如，跨性别妇女经常感到被迫以令人兴奋的女性不一定的方式成为超女性。尽管是变性人的固有性别不合格，但对变性人员甚至更加压力，以非常可见和明显的方式履行其性别认同 - 这是因为它们可以接受“加入”与他们对齐的任何性别认同。以其他方式意味着冒着他们作为男人或一个女人的接受。

Cisgender特权

看着性别的性别不合格和变性性能表现，使Cisgender特权变得鲜明对比。虽然跨性别人士已经有暴力的风险，即简单地用于变性人，如果他们不明显且完美地履行其性别身份，他们将进一步排斥和压迫。

On the other hand, cisgender people are allowed much more leeway in their gender presentation. A cisgender woman who doesn't wear makeup may be judged as unkempt or lacking pride in her appearance, but she is not likely to be called "not a real woman."

然而，一个不磨损或佩戴高跟鞋的跨性别妇女可能面临社会的严重处罚。她可能会遇到忧虑和排斥甚至是身体暴力的任何东西。

同样，偶尔打破性别规范的Cisbender人被视为社会意识的人和积极的榜样，而是一个穿着化妆的跨性别人有时会被自动被驳回为“假”。

Non-Binary People

Another issue to address when speaking about gender nonconformity is those who fall under the umbrella of non-binary: agender (who do not identify with any gender), genderfluid (whose gender changes across time), bi+gender (who have more than one gender) and other-gendered (whose gender is not part of the man/woman categories).

Being gender non-binary does not mean not ever performing gender in typical ways. Many non-binary people have more feminine or masculine presentations, while others prefer a gender-neutral appearance. Appearing feminine or masculine does not, however, cancel out their identity as non-binary.

Again, we see cisgenger privilege at play—a cisgender person can make more neutral appearance choices without having their gender identity dismissed, but a non-binary person often faces comments such as "If you prefer feminine clothing, why don't you identify as a woman?"

性别是流体

Gender is flexible and not necessarily related to biology. While the majority of the population has a cisgender identity, there are many who do not. The relaxing of gender roles since the 1960s has allowed a variety of different gender identities to "come out."

These identities have always existed, but social and cultural conditions often made it dangerous to express. Violence and oppression related to gender nonconformity is the most pressing problem related to this issue.

We need to learn that gender is not a prescription for life, but rather a stage where people can experiment and express their authentic self.