提高尼古丁与氨的影响

Ammonia is a toxic, colorless gas with a very sharp odor. It occurs naturally in the environment and is also a product of human activity. Ammonia compounds are commonly used in cleaning products and fertilizers.

氨也用于提高尼古丁在制造香烟中的影响。在1998年的地标明尼苏达烟草烟草试验中，一些关于如何在速度和加强尼古丁成瘾的烟草成分的一些事实，为消费者进行了公开。其中包括发现烟草行业是美国最大的消费者之一。

它始于低焦油卷烟

在50年代后期在吸烟和癌症之间进行了许多链接后，将低焦油卷烟被引入“更安全的卷烟”。加入过滤器作为捕获焦油的方式，滤波器中的微小孔旨在稀释进入肺部的香烟烟雾。

然而，它似乎降低了焦油含量也降低了吸烟者可用的尼古丁量。烟草高管称之为缺乏“吸烟满意”，但事实是少尼古丁可能意味着较少的成瘾者。这对依赖于此的行业是反效率尼古丁成瘾成长并维护其客户群。

Tobacco company researchers began exploring ways to boost the impact of nicotine in cigarettes for smokers. It turns out ammonia is a good way to accomplish that goal.

Two Forms of Nicotine

Nicotine molecules exist in two forms, acid (bound) and base (free). In tobacco smoke, free nicotine molecules vaporize more easily than bound nicotine molecules. Once nicotine vaporizes into a gas, it is quickly absorbed by the lungs and distributed throughout the body.

Tobacco manufacturers discovered that adding ammonia to the cigarette manufacturing process helped convert bound nicotine molecules in tobacco smoke into free nicotine molecules by raising their pH. This process is known as "freebasing." Similar to the chemical process of freebasing cocaine, the end result is an enhanced effect of the drug on the user.

烟草公司还降低了卷烟中的糖量，以增加碱度和香烟烟雾中的免费尼古丁分子量。

Expert testimony for the state at the Minnesota Tobacco Trial was offered by Channing Robertson, a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University. According to Mr. Robertson, a look into internal tobacco company documents showed that in 1965, scientists at R.J. Reynolds were trying to understand why Philip Morris' Marlboro brand was more popular than their Winston brand.

They discovered that Philip Morris was using ammonia in Marlboro cigarettes, and when R.J. Reynolds followed suit in the 1970s by adding ammonia to Winston cigarettes, they too, began to gain ground with consumers.

其他Shady Nicotine Research

同时，研究进入ways to increase the nicotine in tobacco plants was underway. Professor Robertson testified that Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation genetically engineered tobacco plants that yielded twice the normal amount of nicotine. "Y-1" as it was called in company documents was used in commercially produced cigarettes sold in the states.

And those holes in filters meant to dilute the smoke and tar going into smoker's lungs? One tobacco memo showed how those holes also raised the pH level of the smoke, increasing the amount of nicotine delivered to smokers.

这是关于客户满意度，对吧？

大烟草维持尼古丁踢吸烟者在烟草加工中使用氨时照亮时收到的是，只能提高“吸烟满意”。

Let's face it. The tobacco industry is ruthless in its pursuit of gaining and keeping customers. They are willing to do whatever it takes to keep smokers addicted because if it weren't for addiction, no one would smoke.

Chemicals in Cigarettes

To date, science has identified over7,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke，包括向上的250种有毒和70种致癌化合物。

If you're still smoking,收集一些用品,设定日期，和get started with smoking cessation。你永远不会后悔。