色彩视觉的三色性理论

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, also known as the Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision, there are three receptors in the retina that are responsible for theperception颜色。

How Color Vision Works

One receptor is sensitive to the color green, another to the color blue, and a third to the color red. The combinations of these three colors produce all of the colors that we are capable of perceiving. Researchers suggest that people are able to distinguish between as many as seven million different colors.

Photoreceptors also tend to have different sensitivity levels. Blue receptors are the most sensitive and red the least; the ability to perceive color requires interaction between at least two types of photoreceptors. These three colors can then be combined to form any visible color in the spectrum.

三色理论背景

颜色是我们视觉体验的普遍存在部分。它可以影响我们的情绪，影响我们如何解释世界的事情，甚至携带象征意义。但是究竟究竟解释了我们的颜色经验？已经出现了许多理论来解释这种现象，最早和最着名的理论之一是三色学理论。

着名的研究人员Thomas Young和Hermann Von Helmholtz致力于色彩视觉的三色性理论。该理论开始，当托马斯年轻人提出颜色视觉导致三种不同受体的作用。早在1802年，年轻人建议眼睛含有不同的光感受体细胞，对可见光谱中的不同波长敏感。

它后来在1800年代中期，研究员Hermann von Helmholtz扩大了年轻的原始理论，并表明眼睛的锥体受体是短波长（蓝色），中波长（绿色), or long-wavelength (红色的). He also proposed that it was the strength of the signals detected by the receptor cells that determined how the brain interpreted color in the environment.

Helmholtz discovered that people with normal color vision need three wavelengths of light to create different colors through a series of experiments.

Color Receptors

在三色视觉理论的提议后，在70多年后，鉴定了对颜色视觉的三个受体的鉴定没有发生。研究人员发现锥形颜料具有不同的吸收水平。锥体是位于视网膜中的受体，它们负责两种颜色和细节的视觉。

The cone receptors differ in absorption amounts due to the amount of opsin proteins in the receptor.

The perception of color by the brain requires input from at least two different types of cones. The brain must interpret information about both the wavelength and the intensity of the incoming stimulation. By comparing the input from each cone that has been stimulated, the brain can interpret the color of the source of that stimulation.

三色学理论与对手过程理论

在过去，通常呈现出竞争的三色理论opponent-process theory用于解释颜色视觉的优势。今天，据信，这两个理论都可用于解释颜色视觉系统如何运行，并且每个理论适用于不同级别的视觉过程。

To sum it up:

• Opponent process theory: Color vision at the neural level
• The trichromatic theory：受体水平的颜色视觉

来自粗糙的一个词

颜色视觉和感知是一种涉及眼睛和脑的复杂过程。三色理论解释了该过程的一部分，重点关注眼睛中的光感受器，然后将信号发送到大脑。更多关于颜色愿景的这个方面的更多信息是了解我们如何察觉到弥补我们的视觉体验的世界的重要组成部分。