孤独的失明in Psychology

认为你的眼睛是敞开的，你看起来很合乎逻辑。但现实是那个注意力plays a major role invisual perception。例如，您可能未能注意到电影中明显的Bloopers这样的事物的主要原因之一，这是一种称为孤独盲目的心理现象。当您对电影中主角的动作等困难时，您可能不会注意到进入视觉领域的意外事件。

研究

第一次创造“孤独的盲目”一词psychologistsArien Mack, Ph.D., and Irvin Rock, Ph.D., who observed the phenomenon during their perception and attention experiments. "Because this inability to perceive, this sighted blindness, seemed to be caused by the fact that subjects were not attending to the stimulus but instead were attending to something else...we labeled this phenomenon inattentional blindness (IB)," they explained in their book孤独的失明。

One of the best-known experiments demonstrating inattentional blindness is the "invisible gorilla test" carried out by Christopher Chabris, Ph.D., and Daniel Simons, Ph.D. In this experiment, researchers asked participants to watch a video of people tossing a basketball, and the observers were told to count the number of passes or to keep track of the number of throws versus bounce passes. Afterward, the participants were asked if they had noticed anything unusual while watching the video. Across all the tests, approximately 50% of the participants reported seeing nothing out of the ordinary.

但实际上，奇怪的东西hadhappened. In some instances, a woman dressed in a gorilla suit strolled through the scene, turned to the camera, thumped her chest, and walked away. While it may seem impossible that the participants missed such a sight since their attention was focused elsewhere and on a demanding task, the gorilla basically became invisible.

解释

Rather than focusing on every tiny detail in the world around us, we tend to concentrate on things that are most important, relying on our existingschemas“填空”。这是高度economical. As our attentional, cognitive, and processing resources are limited, this allows us to dedicate them to what matters most while still allowing us to have complete, seamless experiences.

人们经常“想念大猩猩”的原因之一，所以说话，只是因为刺激并不适合他们对篮球比赛应该是什么样子的想法。在篮球比赛中间出现的大猩猩不太可能在真实世界的环境中发生，因此我们不太可能注意到它。它基本上被排除为一个组件，可以帮助您更好地了解或执行手头的任务。

也就是说，虽然我们有时会失败在我们周围的世界上错过的事情，但我们通常非常擅长注意到与我们相关的信息，例如汽车加速向我们或鹿从树上跳入道路上。当然，这不是总是案子。

例子

我们都经历了不时的盲目盲目，例如在这些潜在的情况下：

• Even though you think you are paying attention to the road, you fail to notice a car swerve into your lane of traffic, resulting in a traffic accident.
• 您正在观看古希腊历史电影。您没有注意到一个主要的Blooper，其中一架飞机出现在关键场景的背景中。
• 您决定在通过繁忙的流量时打个电话。您未注意到红绿灯已变为红色，因此您运行停止灯并最终获得交通票。
• 在播放视频游戏时，您将非常专注于发现一种特定类型的“坏人”，你错过了对你的性格的另一个威胁，最终失去了游戏。

影响因素

There are certain factors that can affect inattentional blindness. In the original invisible gorilla experiment, the participants had to count the number of passes made by either the team in black or the team in white.

在参与者中抵消白队签订的参与者，只有42％只有42％看到大猩猩，但对于那些被黑球队所做的通过的参与者，83％的人看到大猩猩也穿着黑色，说明了影响意外刺激（大猩猩）与任务相关刺激（黑队成员）之间的相似性。

A Word From Verywell

Though it is not possible to avoid all instances of inattentional blindness, it's important to remember this very natural occurrence—particularly when you are in a disagreement with someone about the full scope of a situation. Your brain is sophisticated enough to help you register and interpret visual cues that it thinks will provide you with the most value. But, in its efforts, visual information—both important and not—can sometimes get overlooked.