What Is Stress Cardiomyopathy?

What Is Stress Cardiomyopathy?

应激性心肌病是一种严重的情绪或生理应激导致心肌迅速衰弱，有时甚至严重衰弱的疾病。

情绪压力源that cause this condition could be grief, fear, or surprise, while physical stressors that may lead to stress cardiomyopathy include asthma or pain from an accident.

应激性心肌病也称为“心碎综合征”或takotsubo心肌病。尽管可能会出现并发症，但患有这种疾病的人通常能在几周内完全康复。与其他心脏疾病不同，它也不会对心脏造成永久性损害。

It can occur at any age but has been observed to affect more women than men. It’s a rare form of cardiomyopathy. According to the American College of Cardiology, 15 to 30 cases of the condition occur in every 100,000 heart conditions, each year in the United States. However, this number could be higher, as milder forms are less likely to be reported or receive medical treatment.

Symptoms

应激性心肌病最常见的症状与心脏病发作的症状非常相似，可以突然发生。

与心脏病发作杀死心脏细胞不同，这种类型的心肌病会使心脏细胞暂时昏迷。这使得心脏病发作后的恢复比恢复期更快。常见症状包括：

• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Nausea
• 呕吐
• 疲劳
• 低血压
• 头晕
• 不规则心跳
• Cardiogenic shock (an inability of your heart to pump enough blood to meet your body’s demands)

Diagnosis

When being diagnosed, stress cardiomyopathy may be mistaken for a heart attack because of its shared symptoms. In some cases an electrocardiogram (ECG), may even show similar abnormalities in the heart of a person with stress cardiomyopathy as in the heart of a person who has had a heart attack.

在大多数情况下，这种情况并不是致命的，人们谁得到它只需要充分的休息和支持，使完全恢复。然而，在极少数情况下，它会导致并发症，如心力衰竭或低血压。

To ensure that a proper diagnosis is made, a medical professional will lookout for the following:

• 没有证据表明冠状动脉阻塞（这是心脏病发作最常见的原因之一）
• If there’s an abnormal movement or ballooning in the muscles of the left ventricle (the part of the heart stress cardiomyopathy affects)
• 如果心脏生物标志物（当心脏受损或受到压力时释放到血液中的物质）略有上升
• 如果在病情发展前不久发生了情绪或生理触发，或两者的结合（这不是强制性的）
• 如果你是绝经后妇女，统计数据显示绝经后妇女患这种疾病的风险很高

应激性心肌病并不总是由应激事件引起的。有些病例没有可识别的诱因。

Causes

应激性心肌病的确切病因尚不清楚。研究表明，像肾上腺素这样的应激激素的突然激增能够使心脏肌肉震颤。

This causes changes in the cells of the heart muscles and causes the left ventricle to balloon and change shape, preventing the heart from working properly.

应激性心肌病通常由情绪或生理应激引起。可能导致应激性心肌病的情绪应激源包括：

• 爱人的死亡
• 失业
• 像惊喜派对一样的突然惊喜
• Financial loss
• 攻击
• Living through a natural disaster

Physical stressors like an illness or undergoing surgery are also a leading cause of the condition. Some of them include:

• A sudden drop in blood pressure
• 严重事故
• 危重病
• Experiencing severe pain
• 外科

Types

应激性心肌病可分为原发性和继发性两种亚型：

初级

患有原发性应激性心肌病的人还没有接受医疗监督，通常可以用阿司匹林等抗凝剂治疗。

次要

患有第二种疾病的人，通常会因为低血压或急性肺水肿等其他疾病而接受医疗监督。这常常使诊断应激性心肌病更加困难。

谁有危险？

Stress cardiomyopathy is up to nine times more prevalent in women than in men. Age also plays a great role in determining who is at risk of developing the condition.

People over the age of 50 are thought to be the most at risk, although it can occur at a younger age.

绝经后妇女也被认为有更高的风险发展的条件，特别是不久后，他们经历了突然和严重的疾病情绪压力.

Some conditions that might put you at risk of the disease include:

• 糖尿病：Research shows that 10 to 15% of people who have diabetes mellitus, also known as type 2 diabetes develop stress cardiomyopathy.
• Asthma:哮喘发作是另一个可能的诱因。这种情况可能发生后，有严重的医疗干预，如插管。
• Cannabis use disorder:那些处理大麻使用障碍的人患这种疾病的风险增加。

治疗

患有应激性心肌病的人不会经历长期的心脏损伤。从这种情况下恢复通常需要几天到几周。

这种情况的治疗方法因人而异，通常取决于患者症状的严重程度。β受体阻滞剂和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂等药物可用于症状较严重的患者。

It’s possible for the condition to reoccur, even after you’ve made a full recovery. The condition can be life-threatening in certain cases. The weakening of the heart muscles might cause other complications like heart failure and low blood pressure.

应付

应激性心肌病是一种可逆的疾病。这意味着对许多人来说，你的心脏将在几周内恢复正常，几乎没有或甚至没有医疗干预。

认识到导致压力的因素并加以管理是很重要的。你也应该尽量减少压力触发因素，直到完全恢复。10%到15%的人有这种情况再次发展。

Managing stress is not only a great way to cope with the condition, it’s great for your overall health too. Here are some ways you can do so:

• 均衡饮食
• Exercise regularly
• 摆脱压力触发控制
• 把盘子里的东西拿下来
• Talk about your feelings