乔治凯利及其个人建设理论

George Kelly was a famed psychologist best known for his contributions to personal construct theory. He is commonly referred to as the father of cognitive clinical psychology and he played a role in the early development of the field ofcognitive psychology。

早期生活

乔治凯利出生于堪萨斯州珀斯附近。他的父母，Theodore Vincent Kelly和Elfleda Merriam Kelly很糟糕但勤劳的农民。在他的早期生活中，凯利的教育仅限于父母的教育。他在1918年在堪萨斯州威奇塔岛的学校出席学校，他没有收到任何正规教育。

At the age of 16, he started attending the Friends University academy and began taking college courses.

Kelly initially planned on a career in engineering but abandoned that idea in favor of studying educational sociology at the University of Kansas. Before completing his master's, however, he left to enroll at the University of Minnesota. He had to withdraw from school when he found himself unable to pay tuition. In 1927, he found a position teaching psychology at Sheldon Junior College in Iowa.

1931年，凯利完成了博士学位。在万博maxbetx官网登陆from the University of Iowa.

职业

Kelly began teaching at the Fort Hays Kansas State College in 1931.

在此期间，他还建立了一个旅行诊所，为整个堪萨斯州的人们提供了心理服务，致力于为经济动荡而受到困难的人。

弗洛伊德的影响

随着凯利形成了他的理论，他研究了奥地利心理分析师的作品，Sigmund Freud, for ideas and inspiration. While Kelly appreciated Freud's work, he felt there were some problems with the psychoanalyst's approach. In Freud's therapy, the therapist would provide the "correct interpretation" of the client's situation, which Freud believed was the key to change.

基于他的观察，凯利开发了一个他被称为建设性的交替主义的想法。基本上，每个人都有自己独特的建筑或现实的视角。每个施工都不同，而有些结构可能比其他人更好，而且没有一种解释是完整的或完全准确的。凯莉的想法表明每个人的观点都有价值，特别是对于自己独特的情况，时间，地方和时刻。

个人建设理论

第二次世界大战后，凯莉成为俄亥俄州州立大学的心理学教授，在那里他工作了近20年。万博maxbetx官网登陆在这里，他正式开发了他的个人建设理论。他发表了两个叫做的文字The Psychology of Personal Constructs, Volumes I and II总结了他的大部分理论。

凯利的个人建筑理论表明，人们之间的差异是由我们预测和解释在我们周围世界的不同方面的不同方式。

像科学家一样形成一个假设, collects data, and analyzes the results, people also take in information and perform their own "experiments" to test ideas and interpretations of events. The results of our everyday investigations influence our personalities and our way of interacting with our environment and the people around us.

Most importantly, Kelly suggested that these constructs can change. While a construct might work at one point in a person's life, it might need to adapt or change as the situation changes.

“那些人认为是什么，因为它是他冒昧地制造自己的东西，”他在1964年文章中写道，假设的语言。"To make the leap he must do more than disclose himself; he must risk a certain amount of confusion. Then, as soon as he does catch a glimpse of a different kind of life, he needs to find some way of overcoming the paralyzing moment of threat, for this is the instant when he wonders who he really is—whether he is what he just was or is what he is about to be."

选定的出版物

• Kelly，G. A.（1955）。The Psychology of Personal Constructs: Vol 1 and 2.纽约：WW Norton。
• Kelly, G. A. (1963).A Theory of Personality: The Psychology of Personal Constructs。W.W.诺顿和公司。
• Maher, B., Ed. (1969).Clinical Psychology and Personality: The Selected Papers of George Kelly。纽约，Wiley。

对心理学的贡献万博maxbetx官网登陆

凯利在发展中发挥了重要作用临床心理学万博maxbetx官网登陆, both through his position at Ohio State University and through his leadership roles with theAmerican Psychological Association。

他的工作是cogniti的早期开始的一部分ve movement in psychology and he is often described as one of the first cognitive theorists. Others identify him as a humanist thinker since his theory emphasized elements of human potential and personal change, similar to that of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

Interestingly, Kelly disliked being thought of as a cognitive theorist.虽然他的理论与其他人类和认知理论的工作相似的一些元素，但他认为他的个人建设理论是不相关的。