托吡酯如何治疗酒精中毒

Topamax (topiramate), an anti-seizure medication usually prescribed for people with epilepsy, is also prescribed for helping alcohol-dependent individuals stop drinking. It is used off-label for the treatment of酒精中毒and alcohol use disorders, meaning that it is not FDA approved for this purpose.

However, it is recommended in the 2015 United States Department of Veterans Affairs/ Department of Defense Practice Guideline for the Management of Substance Use Disorders for people who have moderate-severe alcohol use disorder.

托吡酯的工作原理

托吡酯已被证明可以减少酒精中毒和酒精使用障碍患者的酒精渴求。从生物化学的角度来看，它究竟是如何工作的还不完全清楚，但有一些可能的机制已经被提出。

Drinkers get pleasure from alcohol because it triggers the release of dopamine, a positive feedback chemical in the brain. Drinking also alters GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Topiramate is thought to have its effect on alcohol cravings and alcohol use by interacting with GABA and potentially decreasing the release of dopamine, which is involved in the pleasure caused by alcohol consumption.

剂量

For the treatment of alcohol use disorder or alcoholism, topiramate is generally increased to 75 mg per day, although it can be increased to a maximal dose of 300 mg per day for control of seizures in epilepsy.

如果停止服用托吡酯，建议您慢慢减少剂量，并避免在未经医生同意的情况下突然停止服用。

托吡酯对酒精使用障碍的影响

Since topiramate was first considered as a treatment for alcohol use disorders, a number of studies have been done to test its effectiveness. The studies show that topiramate is an effective treatment option in alcohol use disorders, specifically in terms of reducing the harmful drinking patterns of alcohol use disorders.

Symptomatic Relief

The results of the studies done so far suggest that low doses of topiramate can reduce cravings for alcohol, can reduce the pleasure of drinking alcohol, and can ameliorate the anxiety and mood instability that may occur when you quit drinking. It also produces a substantial effect on improving the maintenance of abstinence and reducing alcohol use.

对托吡酯有反应的酒精使用类型

托吡酯并非对酒精使用障碍的各个方面都有效。研究发现，它对具有某些特征的人更有效，包括嗜酒、嗜酒和习惯性饮酒。它不被认为是有效的治疗酒精戒断症状。有一些证据表明，托吡酯可能是更有效的治疗酒精使用障碍的人谁有一定的遗传模式。

The Side Effects of Topiramate

托吡酯可以帮助你酗酒问题, you may experience side effects.

所有的癫痫药物，如托吡酯，都会警告他们有可能增加自杀的想法和行为。如果你有抑郁症或其他精神健康问题的病史，这一点尤其值得关注。万博手机客户端

托吡酯的其他副作用包括：

• Change in appetite and ability to taste food
• Drowsiness
• 感觉异常（手臂或腿部刺痛）
• 注意力不集中和其他思维问题

其他Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder

Three medications, Antabuse (disulfiram), naltrexone, and阿坎酸(acamprosate)目前被FDA批准用于治疗美国的酒精使用障碍。

这些药物不同的工作ly. For example, Antabuse does not reduce cravings, but it makes a drinker feel sick from consuming alcohol, increasing the reinforcement to stay abstinent. Naltrexone and Campral have been shown to reduce cravings in alcoholics who have already quit drinking.

维利韦尔的一句话

用于治疗酒精使用障碍的药物是有帮助的，但咨询、减少饮酒的策略，以及最重要的是，决定戒酒，都是从酒精成瘾中恢复的重要方面。