Vivitrol是否安全,有效的酒精和阿片类药物依赖治疗?

Man suffers from alcohol and opioid dependence and contemplates using Vivitrol.

Glasshouse图像/图像库/盖蒂图像

Vivitrol是药物纳伦曲酮的品牌名称。它最初被食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准用于治疗酒精依赖。此后已被批准治疗阿片类药物成瘾。

它可用于帮助人们在恢复期间维持禁欲alcohol或阿片类药物依赖。它减少了渴望,可能会增加个人成功能够停止使用这些物质的可能性。

How Vivitrol Works

Vivitrol is a non-addictive opioid antagonist. In other words, it blocks the effects ofopioids,如海洛因,吗啡和羟考酮。它还阻断了酒精对大脑的影响。

Individuals must completely detox from opioids for 7 to 10 days before starting Vivitrol. Otherwise, the medication could elicit serious withdrawal symptoms.

vivitr如何施用

vivitrol作为一个月给出的镜头给药,使其成为不想使用的个体的有吸引力的选择Suboxone.或者methadone- 这两者都受到高度监管,可能需要某人每天访问诊所。

Like all forms of naltrexone, Vivitrol works by stopping the euphoric and sedative effects of opioids. When an individual taking any form of naltrexone relapses, they won’t be able to get high or intoxicated because the drug won’t bind to the opioid receptors in their brain.

它还可以很好地减少酒精的渴望。与诸如二硫仑等治疗(如Divulam),这使得如果他们消耗酒精,vivitrol在饮用中的恢复生病,则阻止人们在第一次饮用的情况下继续饮用。

Vivitrol可以帮助正在为酒精或阿片类药物管理成瘾的人,因为它可以减少渴望。它也不会引起兴奋的感受,因此没有相关的毒害或滥用责任。

如果患有vivitrol饮酒或使用阿片类药物的个体,它们不会被陶醉或高。这使得酒精和毒品更少诱人,使大脑停止渴望它们。

How Vivitrol Is Different

The fact that Vivitrol can be given via a monthly injection makes it an attractive option for anyone who may be likely to miss doses of their medication. (There are other forms of naltrexone that are taken in pill form but must be taken every day.)

始终如一地研究表氧基酮和美沙酮是对阿片类药物依赖性的有效处理,但它们也需要每日剂量。

vivitrol的一个潜在的下行者是它需要在开始治疗之前戒毒。即使他们仍然使用它仍然可以使用疼痛的戒断症状,​​也能够获得治疗的人能够治疗。

研究研究

In a six-month double-blind study, individuals who were treated with Vivitrol and psychotherapy for alcohol use disorder experienced a 25% greater reduction in the number of heavy drinking days.

该研究得出结论,为酒精使用障碍进行治疗的个体,在vivitrol和心理治疗的情况下,它们的复发率较低。

在另一项研究中,研究了Vivitrol在治疗酒精和阿片类药物依赖方面的有效性,研究人员发现,一旦他们停止服用vivitr,一些患者复发了一些患者。但绝大多数仍然令人兴奋。

Most patients also reported that their cravings and urges never returned to their original levels. Many reported their urges remained below the clinically significant threshold. In addition, saliva drug tests were more likely to come back negative as further evidence that patients were able to maintain their sobriety.

Another study examined the effectiveness of Vivitrol on prison inmates that were being released back into the community. Twenty-seven inmates who had opioid disorders during the prior year were recruited to receive an injection once a month.

结果表明,与在没有治疗的其他囚犯的其他囚犯相比,患有至少六个月或更多个处理的治疗方法的治疗不太可能对阿片类药物进行阳性。与那些持续每月注射的人持续六个月的人更有可能重新被逮捕。

该研究的作者表示,当囚犯被释放时,vivitrol可能有效地减少复发率,因此它可能会减少这些个人将返回监狱的机会。

Controversy

虽然有些人吹捧Vivitrol helpful cure for substance abuse, others have expressed concerns that it isn’t as useful as the drug company wants people to believe.

The drug company is accused of falsely presenting Vivitrol as a cure for the opioid crisis. And some have said the FDA approved it too quickly.

主要问题

一项重大问题涉及一旦某人使用vivitr停止,仍然存在围绕阿片类药物依赖的潜在风险。在没有使用阿片类药物的时候进行了很长时间,有滥用药物的人将具有低耐受性。如果复发,这将使它们更大的过量风险。

另一个主要问题是个人试图通过以比以前达到更大量的阿片类药物来克服vivitrol的阻断效果的可能性。在这些情况下,过量可能导致严重伤害,昏迷或死亡。

该公司也被指控误导广告。例如,他们在纽约市地铁上运行广告,表示,“Vivitrol是阿片类药物依赖的第一个且唯一的不上瘾者,一次每月治疗。”这意味着美沙酮和亚氧酮是上瘾的治疗方法。

There is sometimes a stigma against methadone and Suboxone. And some people in the treatment industry feel as though Vivitrol tries to imply that individuals who use either methadone or Suboxone aren’t yet “drug-free” but that they will be if they use Vivitrol.

While some argue that replacing opioids with Suboxone or methadone is trading one addiction for another, others point out that taking regular medicine every day doesn’t constitute addiction since it doesn’t involve “compulsive drug use despite harm.”

制造vivitrol的公司alkermes也被指控积极地游说立法者和刑事司法官员。他们向联邦立法者的政治活动和当地执法人员捐赠了大量资金,他们倡导vivitrol并批评美沙酮和suboxone。

A Word From Verywell

如果您对阿片类或酒精有问题,请与您的医生交谈,了解Vivitr是否适合您。虽然围绕如何销售有一些争议,但它可能是有助于减少渴望并遏制您的物质使用。

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