Medication or Substance-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder

Mild neurocognitive disorder due to substance/medication use and major neurocognitive disorder due to substance/medication use are the diagnostic names for two alcohol- or drug-induced major neurocognitive disorders―"major" obviously being the more severe form.

Unlike the problems with mental functioning that happen during intoxication or with a hangover the morning after alcohol use—that pass fairly quickly—mild neurocognitive disorder continues to cause difficulty with mental functioning on an ongoing basis. For some people, it can impact their day-to-day functioning permanently.

家人和朋友可能是第一个注意到问题的人，他们会注意到注意力，记住他们需要做的重要事情，并计划好如何管理他们的生活。事实上，由于物质或药物使用经验导致的轻度神经认知障碍患者的问题可能只有在家人或朋友的帮助下才能在日常生活中为患者提供或安排额外的支持。

What Are Cognitive Deficits?

认知缺陷是心理运作的问题。心理运作范围从看法到记忆，从管理未来规划情绪，甚至只是计划今天的饭菜和活动。

还需要控制身体运动，平衡，协调以及言论，各种沟通，了解和与其他人的沟通所需的心理功能。甚至识别人和了解他们在生活中发挥的角色是由心理运作的控制。

So when cognitive deficits develop, a person can quickly find life difficult to cope with, and problems can develop rapidly. A huge risk for people with a history of drinking or drug use is that they can go back to these unhealthy ways of coping with problems, making cognitive functioning even worse.

认知障碍可能发生的一部分大脑disorder, but when they are due to a substance or medication use, there is a decline or worsening of mental abilities that were at a higher level of functioning. There is a variety of cognitive deficits that can occur as part of this condition, including:

• Difficulty paying attention or concentrating on what you are doing or what is going on around you
• “高管运作”难点;制定未来计划的技能，控制冲动做可能不是一个好主意的事情，特别是长期，特别是在未来10年的财务规划中从热门或寒冷的日子里穿什么来决定。
• 学习新技能 - 这不仅仅是在学校学习，或者学习技巧如驾驶，但学习日常事物我们都必须做，比如学习使用新型技术
• Problems with remembering information—not only difficult, abstract information, but everyday information, such as your phone number, address, and where you need to go today
• Difficulties with speaking and communicating clearly with other people
• Perceptual-motor skills—how you control your body and movements, even something you take for granted, such as walking
• Social awareness and understanding of other people—from treating people with caring and courtesy through to knowing when someone is trying to rip you off

它是一种物质诱导或预先存在的疾病吗？

当医生或心理学家诊断出由于使用物质/药物而导致的轻度神经认知障碍时，他们会进行检查，以确保在患者使用被认为是导致其困难的酒精、药物或药物之前，认知障碍并不存在。

This is because there are different types of neurocognitive disorders, and if the symptoms were there before the substance use, the person is probably not suffering from the substance/medication-induced type of neurocognitive disorder, but instead, some other type of neurocognitive disorder.

对于有长期药物使用史的人来说，很难知道是什么首先导致了药物使用或神经认知障碍，但这通常可以通过仔细记录药物使用史和认知功能，以及仔细管理戒毒和长期戒酒来确定，药物，以及可能导致疾病的药物。

服用该药后多久会诱发神经认知问题？

In some cases, neurocognitive problems can develop almost immediately after taking the drug or medication. As the brain doesn't typically function at its best during drug intoxication and退出, it can be difficult for doctors to know whether the mental problems the person is experiencing are the result of a slow recovery of normal brain functioning after using alcohol or drug use for a long time.

通常，心理技能将在饮酒或服用药物的几天内提高大量的交易，并且随着该人在未来几周内通过排毒过程的移动，继续改善。有时，它可能需要数月甚至几年的时间才能恢复正常。但是，在其他情况下，即使该人提高了，问题也可能是持久的，并且正常运行可能无法完全返回。

最后，对于由于物质/药物用途而诊断（而不是主要）神经认知疾病的诊断，该人仍然是在日常活动中独立的，例如支付账单或管理药物，但这些活动可能需要更多的努力或补偿策略，或者可能需要额外帮助来完成它们。

Which Drugs Cause Substance-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder?

A wide variety of psychoactive substances can cause mild neurocognitive disorder due to substance/medication use, including the following:

酒精

我们更多地了解有关轻度神经成像疾病的更多信息酒精因为对饮酒者的研究多于对吸毒者的研究，酒精对大脑健康的影响是众所周知的。

在50岁或以上的人戒酒之前，这些问题可能会持续更长时间。

尽管心理测试表明，他们的大脑正常工作，但有这种情况的人可能无法意识到他们受到损害，因此家庭和朋友可能是那些通知该人难以困难的人。

吸入剂

人们有时会在中毒后立即患上轻微的神经认知障碍吸入性药物对一些人来说，即使在戒烟后，这些问题也会继续存在。一项对吸入剂使用者的研究表明，大多数吸入剂使用者在停止使用两年后有了显著的改善，大多数吸入剂使用者在戒酒15年后恢复了正常的认知功能。

例外是一群吸入的用户，他们开发了来自铅石油（汽油）吸入的“铅脑病”。在停止嗅探汽油后，这些人甚至在15年后仍然具有吸入的神经认知障碍。在这些情况下，这种疾病可能不温和但可能是主要的，这意味着该人独立运作的能力受到严重扰乱。

可卡因

大约三分之一的人cocaineexperience mild neurocognitive disorder after they戒烟可卡因, with some people continuing to have these problems long term after they have quit. A study has shown that people who are active cocaine users perform significantly worse on various tests of neurocognitive functioning than people of the same age who do not use cocaine, regardless of their age.

However, the same study showed that older cocaine users perform much worse on tests of particular cognitive functions such as psychomotor speed, attention, and short-term memory than younger cocaine users.

较旧的可卡因用户特别容易受到年龄伴随的问题，例如能够控制他们的运动，将注意力集中在他们正在做的事情上以及周围发生了什么，并记住他们今天需要做的事情他们生命中的重要人物和事件。

甲基苯丙胺

和可卡因一样，大约三分之一的吸毒者methamphetamine患有轻微的神经成像疾病，在禁欲之后的一些用户中存在持续存在的问题。神经认知问题也可能来自脑血管疾病，导致弥漫性或焦脑损伤。甲基苯丙胺用户的执行功能甚至更糟糕的人也使用该药物ketamine。

阿片类药物

约33％到39％的人使用阿片类药物他们有神经认知问题，有些人甚至在戒烟后仍有问题。研究表明，阿片类药物依赖的成年人有很高的神经认知损伤率，学习和记忆有严重问题。

那些在生活中的某个时候对酒精和可卡因以及阿片类药物上瘾的人，他们的神经认知功能受损更严重，特别是在执行功能方面。因为执行功能对做出决定至关重要，而且学习和记忆有问题会干扰正确地吸收信息，所以阿片成瘾的人在做出医疗决定时可能比大多数人需要更多的支持。

Phencyclidine

大约三分之一苯环利定users have intermediate neurocognitive problems after they stop, with persistent problems in some users after abstinence.

镇静、催眠或抗焦虑药物

与许多类型的药物,有intermediate problems in about a third of users of sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic medications, with persistent problems in some users after abstinence. The fact that most people who use these drugs are prescribed them presents particular problems, especially with issues such as driving impairment.

Experimental research has shown specific deficits in driving ability in people who use these medications. Benzodiazepines, a type of central nervous system depressant, is also associated with the greatest likelihood of causing accidents.

来自粗糙的一个词

Cognitive impairments resulting from alcohol, drug, or medication use can be confusing and upsetting and can cause problems for the individual affected and those around them. The good news is that if you stop drinking or using the drug or medication under medical supervision, the odds are good for making a full recovery, even if this takes time.

如果您或您关心的某人受到影响，则获得诊断将有助于确定日常生活中运作良好的帮助。