在20世纪90年代初,开发了一类新的药物来治疗精神病症状精神分裂症。The drugs, called atypical antipsychotics, have generally proven as effective as earlier generation典型的抗精神病学但越来越少外锥拉米蛋白副作用(包括痉挛,震颤,刚性和烦躁不安)。
精神分裂症Discussion Guide
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Invega (Paliperidone)
Invega被批准治疗12岁以上12岁的精神分裂症和成人的血基治疗疾病。它是口服和长效的可注射形式的。
Oral Invega tablets are usually taken once per day. The dose usually ranges from 3 mg to 12 mg.
Individuals who tolerate the oral form well may begin Invega Sustenna, an injection given once a month. If you tolerate the monthly injections well, you may try Invega Trinza, an injection that is given once every three months.
注射允许您在口头上停止服用药物,这可以防止您缺少药物药物。
Common side effects include restlessness, dizziness, headaches, fatigue, muscle weakness, weight gain, stomach pain, constipation, heartburn, and increased prolactin.
abilify.(Aripiprazole)
abilify.(aripiprazole) received market approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2003 for use in the treatment of schizophrenia andbipolar disorder。它有时也用于治疗重大抑郁症,强迫症(OCD)和与自闭症相关的烦躁。
The standard adult dose is 10 to 15 milligrams per day. While as much as 30 milligrams may be prescribed daily, the dose may be lower when used to augment antidepressants (between 2 and 5 milligrams). Abilify does not have an FDA indication to treat精神分裂症in children under 13要么to treat bipolar disorder in children under 10.
Common side effects include weight gain, headache, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, nausea, constipation, and lightheadedness.
Risperdal(risperidone)
Risperdal(risperidone)received its FDA approval in 1994 and is commonly used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism.
常见的成人剂量在每天两到三毫克之间,虽然它可以更高,而儿童通常在每天中的范围内更换剂量。Risperdal不是FDA,表明13岁以下儿童治疗精神分裂症,以治疗10岁以下儿童的双相情感障碍,或治疗五岁以下儿童的自闭症相关的烦躁。
Side effects include dizziness, nausea, constipation, and increases in prolactin. While it has less sedating effects than some of other atypical antipsychotics, it tends to have more extrapyramidal side effects than some of the other drugs.
Zyprexa(奥兰扎滨)
Zyprexa(奥兰扎滨)由FDA于1996年批准用于治疗精神分裂症和双相情感障碍。
The typical adult dose is between 10 and 15 milligrams per day. The adolescent dose is lower, generally between 2.5 to 10 milligrams per day. Zyprexa does not have an FDA indication in children under the age of 13.
Zyprexa的主要副作用是体重增加和潜在的代谢效应,包括增加血糖和脂质水平。
相比之下,该药物具有比其他一些非典型抗精神病学的电机副作用较低。
Seroquel(Quetiapine)
Seroquel (quetiapine) received FDA approval in 1997 for use in the treatment of schizophrenia, both the manic and depressive aspects of bipolar disorder.
There is a wide dose range in the use of Seroquel. For schizophrenia, a daily dose of between 400 and 800 milligrams is not uncommon. Like some of the other atypical antipsychotics, Seroquel does not have a formal FDA indication to treat schizophrenia in children under 13 or to treat bipolar disorder in children under 10.
Seroquel具有低发动机副作用的发生率。虽然副作用可包括体重增加和高血糖,但它们通常比与Zyprexa或克罗那克萨尔更少的深刻。其他副作用包括站立时镇静和低血压。
Geodon(Ziprasidone)
耶和华(Ziprasidone)于2001年获得FDA批准,用于治疗精神分裂症和一个man要么mixed episodeof bipolar disorder. It is sometimes used off label to treat创伤后应激障碍(PTSD) and adjunctively in major depression.
标准成年剂量为每天80至160毫克。肌内制剂也可用于治疗精神分裂症中的急性搅拌。Geodon未指示在10岁以下的儿童中使用。
虽然地理长度不太可能引起体重增加或外锥症状,但它会导致心脏心律失常(不规则心跳),头晕和血压在血压下降。
Clozaril(氯氮平)
Clozaril(Clozapine)是1990年获得FDA批准的第一个非典型抗精神病药物,并且仍然是治疗抗性精神分裂症的人的主要护理。虽然它也被证明可以减少自由性,但它确实具有许多显着的副作用。
标准成年剂量可以变化,可以在每天300至700毫克之间的某处。检查药物的血液水平有时会有所帮助。
克罗萨里尔的一些副作用是严重且可能致命的。它与降低白细胞可能导致死亡的风险有关。因此,使用ClOzaril需要正在进行的血液测试以检测这些细胞中的潜在下降。由于已经提出了这种类型的监测,因此医疗后果的发病涉及这一切明显减少。
它不推荐在痴呆症的老年人中。众所周知,药物相关的心肌炎(心脏炎症)也发生,也可能是致命的。
其他副作用包括体重增加,便秘,嗜睡,床润湿,夜间流口腔和高血糖。Clozaril上的人们需要频繁的后续行动和医疗监督,以监测任何副作用的发展。
Vraylar (Cariprazine)
Vraylar是一次性药物,可以帮助管理精神分裂症的整体症状,并表明躁狂症或双相情感障碍中的躁狂症或混合发作的症状。
It works gradually so you aren't likely to get immediate relief from your symptoms. It's important to talk to your doctor about how you're feeling so you can know if this is the right medication for you.
最常见的副作用包括躁动,失眠和体重增加。
在6周的临床研究中,与那些获得约7磅的安慰剂的患者相比,患者的平均体重增加约为2.2磅。
Vaylar may also increase your blood sugar. If you have diabetes or risk factor for diabetes, your blood sugar will need to be monitored during treatment.
Fanapt(Iloperidone)
Fanapt is used to treat schizophrenia and off label in certain mood disorders. Like all of these atypical antipsychotics, it can help you have fewer hallucinations, delusions, think more clearly, feel less nervous, and possibly feel more motivated to participate in daily activities.
通常每天服用两次。医生通常会在低剂量上启动你,直到你对你最好的剂量逐渐增加它。占全剂量可能需要1到2周。
常见的副作用包括头晕,嗜睡和灯头。还可能发生干嘴,鼻塞和体重增加。
Fanapt可能会导致血压严重下降,特别是在开始或增加剂量时。这可能会增加你的堕落风险,并且在从坐姿或躺姿上升时,很重要。
拉丁卡(Lurasidone)
拉丁卡被批准用于治疗13岁或以上的患者的精神分裂症以及双相抑郁症。剂量通常为40mg至160mg。
Latuda可能会降低幻觉,妄想和改善您的心情,睡眠,胃口和能级。
常见的副作用是困倦,躁动,搅拌和胃部不安。Latuda应该用食物进行,以改善吸收。
罕见的副作用可能包括增加的催乳素水平,这可能导致女性失去它们的时期或产生母乳,可能导致男性勃起问题,乳房组织增大,或失去性欲。