关于Sigmund Freud的10个传记事实

The Oldest of Eight Children

弗洛伊德1856年5月6日出生于Sigismund Schlomo Freud。他的父亲Jakob是一个40岁的羊毛商人，已经有两个来自以前的婚姻的孩子。弗洛伊德的母亲，Amalia比她的丈夫年龄在20岁。他父亲的业务失败迫使弗洛伊德家族从他们的家里搬到弗莱斯格，摩拉维亚到维也纳。

“我发现知道他们是他们母亲的偏爱或青睐的人在他们的生活中提供了奇特自依赖的证据，并往往是一个不可动摇的乐观主义，这些乐观往往会给拥有者带来实际成功，”弗洛伊德曾建议。

最初是可卡因的倡导者和用户

之前harmful effectswere discovered, cocaine was often used as an analgesic and euphoric. It was even used in common household products, including soda pop and throat lozenges.

弗洛伊德developed an interest in the potential antidepressant effects of cocaine and initially advocated its use for a variety of purposes.

After the addictive and harmful side effects of cocaine became known, Freud's medical reputation suffered somewhat as a result.

The Founder of Psychoanalysis

It isn't often that an entire school of thought can be attributed to a single individual. In Freud's case, his theories served as the foundation for a school of psychology that would quickly rise to become a dominant force during the early years of the science of the mind and behavior.

By 1902, Freud was hosting weekly discussions at his home in Vienna. These informal meetings would eventually grow to become the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.

Became a Doctor in Order to Marry the Woman He Loved

当弗洛伊德是26岁时，他疯狂地爱上了一个名叫玛莎·伯尔纳的21岁的女子，他们在两个月后开始订婚。作为一名贫困学生仍然与父母住在一起，弗洛伊德的科学实验室工作没有足够的支付来支持一个家庭。“我的甜蜜女孩，它只是痛苦地思考我应该如此无能为力，以证明我对你的爱，”弗洛伊德写信给玛莎。

他们见面后六个月，弗洛伊德放弃了他的科学职业生涯成为一名医生。他在维也纳综合医院度过了三年的训练，很少能够看到他搬到德国的未婚夫。经过四年的等待，弗洛伊德和伯尼于1886年9月14日结婚。这对夫妇继续有六个孩子。

然而，历史学家长期以来，弗洛伊德后来曾与他的嫂子，Minna·伯尼有一件事。

Developed the Use of Talk Therapy

While Freud's theories are often criticized or rejected outright by today's psychotherapists, many continue to utilize the famous psychoanalyst's methods to a certain extent. Talk therapy plays a primary role in精神分析治疗and has become an important part of many different therapeutic techniques. Using talk therapy, the therapy provider looks for patterns or significant events that may play a role in the client’s current difficulties.

弗洛伊德's Daughter, Anna, Was Also a Famous and Influential Psychologist

安娜弗劳德began her career influenced by her father's theories. She was far from simply living in her father's rather long shadow, however. Anna Freud made important contributions of her own to psychology. She founded child psychoanalysis and summarized the ego's防御机制在她的书中The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense（1936）。

可能从未说过“有时雪茄只是一支雪茄”

虽然着名的报价经常被重复并归因于弗洛伊德，但没有证据表明他实际上说“有时候雪茄只是一支雪茄。”弗洛伊德是一名终身雪茄吸烟者，根据他的传记者欧内斯琼斯每天吸烟。

As the story goes, someone once asked Freud what the cigar he so often smoked symbolized. The response is meant to suggest that even the famous psychoanalyst believed that not everything held an underlying, symbolic meaning. In reality, the quote is most likely the invention of a journalist that was later mistakenly identified as a quote by Freud.

Visited the United States Only Once in His Life

1909年，美国心理学家G. Stanley Hall邀请Sigmund弗洛伊德谈谈克拉克大学的精神分析。虽然他最初拒绝了报价，但弗洛伊德最终被大厅坚持说服了。弗洛伊德和他的同事一起去美国Carl Jung和桑德团ferenczi。

与a见面后。Brill and Ernest Jones，该集团在纽约飞往克拉克大学之前花了几天观光，弗洛伊德在精神分析的历史和崛起中发出了一系列五次讲座。

“当我踏上了平台时，”弗洛伊德描述了“，似乎是实现一些令人难以置信的白日梦：精神分析不再是妄想的产物 - 它已成为现实的宝贵部分。”

被迫离开维也纳纳粹分子

当纳粹侵入奥地利时，许多弗洛伊德的书籍与其他着名思想家的人一起烧毁。

“我们正在制作的进展，”弗洛伊德告诉了朋友。“在中世纪，他们会烧我;现在他们是燃烧我的书的内容。”

弗洛伊德and his daughter Anna were both interrogated by the Gestapo before his friend Marie Bonaparte was able to secure their passage to England. Bonaparte also tried to rescue Freud's four younger sisters but was unable to do so. All four women later died in Nazi concentration camps.

Had More Than 30 Surgeries to Treat Mouth Cancer

弗洛伊德had been a heavy cigar smoker all his life. In 1939, after his cancer had been deemed inoperable, Freud asked his doctor to help him commit suicide. The doctor administered three separate doses of morphine and弗洛伊德去世了1939年9月23日。