Body Integrity Identity Disorder

根据Sophocles，俄狄浦斯国王杀死了他的父亲，与他的母亲发生性关系。然而，直到几年后，俄狄浦斯发现他抱怨帕特里德和最初不知道他的父亲是他的父亲，他的母亲是他的母亲。后俄狄浦斯found out what he did, he struck out his own eyes. Oedipus's reason for self-blinding involved guilt and was allegorical: He was initially blind to the atrocious acts that he committed.

古希腊人可能不会愚弄自己对自己的悲惨原因致盲，而不是纪念碑犯罪的规模。然而，在现代社会中，一些人展示了特定的身体部位的“所有权”问题，并痴迷地希望残疾。这些人有一个叫做身体完整性身份障碍（BIID）的病症，并且经过多年的痛苦请求治疗，导致截肢，失明，耳聋或截瘫。

As you can probably imagine, few surgeons are keen on interfering with organs or limbs without disease. However, BIID is a complex problem, and some experts advocate for radical surgery as effective treatment.

杀菌剂检查了

In the late 1700s, a French surgeon was forced at gunpoint to amputate a man's healthy limb. After the surgery, the man sent the surgeon payment and a letter of gratitude claiming that the surgery made him feel better.

In 2000, the public found out that a Scottish surgeon named Robert Smith had performed leg amputations on two patients with seemingly normal limbs. When the CEO of Smith's hospital figured out what Smith had done, Smith was forbidden to perform any more amputations. However, in the wake of these amputations, the debate concerning healthy amputation and other seemingly "unnecessary" and debilitating surgery gathered steam.

In 2015, a 30-year-old woman named宝石晃动让她的心理学家让她的心理学家将流失清洁剂倒入她的眼中，以便她能够实现她终身的失明欲望。公平地说，Shuping的债权的可靠性是有争议的;然而，这辅助致盲的账户再次突出杀菌剂。

It's unclear what causes BIID. In some people, issues with body identity or ownership can be traced back to definitive pathology such as a brain tumor. However, in most people with BIID, the etiology or cause of the disease remains to be elucidated.

研究人员谁study BIID观察到疾病的个体的大脑变化。具体而言，Paretal Cortex，Premotor Cortex和Insula似乎涉及。然而，目前尚不清楚这些脑区是否导致杀菌剂或因杀菌剂而发生。

Treatment of BIID

如果没有明确了解杀菌剂的原因，难以治疗这种疾病。对疾病的抗抑郁药和心理治疗。此外，较重的精神药物如抗精神病药物尚未在该患者人口中进行测试。

有趣的是，在手术后渴望腿截肢的人，渴望腿部截肢感觉更好，并报告改善生活质量。注意，罗伯特史密斯（苏格兰外科医生）进行手术的两个人感到非常好，在手术后非常好，并继续用假肢愉快地生活。

许多人患有残疾的杀菌剂练习。这些人被标记为“伪装者”。通过假装患有残疾，这些人会在进行强迫之后遇到一些类似于具有强迫症的临时救济人物的短期救济。

Most surgeons who encounter BIID have an alarmed reaction to the prospect of using radical surgery to treat the illness. These surgeons claim that anybody who wants to amputate a "healthy" limb has mental illness and limited insight that compromises her ability to give informed consent.

在题为“截肢的身体诚信身份障碍：同意和自由之外，”作者Amy White声称，患有BIID的人决定接受选修手术，以删除身体部位，并不一定被胁迫，无能或不知情;因此，在全面的筛查过程之后，患有杀菌剂的患者可以是激进手术的候选者。

白色也比在嗜毒症的性重新分配手术中的那些对性别困难和激进的手术中进行杀菌剂。具体来说，两种患有性别困难和杀菌剂的人都被困在一个身体中，这是一个不知何故的错误和欲望手术来纠正这个问题。

Conversely, in a paper titled "Body Integrity Disorder--Is the Amputation of Healthy Limbs Justified?," author Sabina Müller posits that the cost of radical surgery for BIID is too high, and people who receive it will no longer be able to work and will require lifetime care and rehabilitation.

Müller还提出有没有能解体手术的杀菌剂的人缺乏洞察力的人，并提出替代治疗：

A Word From Verywell

BIID可能是一种神经心理干扰，包括缺乏对疾病的洞察力和特殊缺乏自主权。应该制定不可逆转身体损坏价格的症状，而不是固化症状，以便将外星肢体整合到身体形象中。

我们可能从以往研究o很长的路要走ut how to exactly help people who experience BIID. First, research into BIID is low power because very few people have the condition. Much of what we know about BIID is based on anecdotal accounts. Second, BIID likely involves complex neurological processes that we have yet to elucidate; after all, the brain is ineffably complicated. Third, radical surgery for BIID is mired in ethical considerations that further obfuscate our understanding and appreciation of treatment.