Topamax (Topiramate) Uses and Side Effects

Topaxax（Topiramate）是一种用于治疗癫痫和偏头痛的抗惊厥药物。TopaMax也常用于标签，以治疗各种情绪障碍，饮食障碍，并帮助滥用药物滥用治疗。

While Topamax's mechanism of action is unclear, we know that the drug blocks sodium channels in the body that deliver electrical impulses to excitable cells (such as nerve, muscle, and brain cells). By doing so, Topamax appears to enhance the activity of a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter） 作为。。而被知道伽马 - 氨基丁酸(GABA).

Indications for Taking Topomax

TopaMax拥有其批准和非标签使用。在美国，该药物由美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）正式批准：

• 成人和青少年的偏头痛预防12及以上
• Partial-onset seizure treatment in adults and children two and older
• 初级广义滋补克隆癫痫发作治疗两人和较大的儿童

Topamax can also be in combination with other drugs to treat partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (a severe form of childhood epilepsy).

在其非标签用途中，托贝纳克斯有时被规定治疗：

• 酒精依赖
• 躁郁症
• Borderline personality disorder (BPD)
• 可卡因和甲基苯丙胺成瘾
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• 创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）
• 减肥(specifically to control binge-eating and purging)

Topomax剂量

Topamax is available in capsule and tablet formulations. The tablet is offered in a 25-, 50-, 100-, and 200-milligram (mg) dose. The capsule is available in 15-mg or 25-mg dose. The dosage can vary by the condition and the age of the user.

When starting treatment, the dosage is typically tapered up to reduce the risk of potential side effects. It should also be tapered down if the decision is made to stop treatment. Stopping abruptly can cause a rebound of disease symptoms (such as seizures in people with epilepsy or abnormal moods in people with bipolar disorder).

在为较小的儿童开放时，塔皮脂胶囊可以打开，其内容物洒在食物上。

Topomax的共同副作用

Topamax has a number of side effects that tend to be transient and resolve on their own as the body adapts to the treatment. Most are mild to moderate in severity.

常见的副作用包括：

• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• 双方视线
• 食欲不振
• 情绪变化
• 恶心
• 肚子不舒服
• 味道变化
• Tingling or prickly skin sensations
• 颤抖
• 弱点
• 减肥

应立即向您的医生报告任何持续的，严重或恶化的副作用。

考虑和并发症

不太常见的是，Topaxax可能导致严重的并发症，要求您停止或避免治疗。他们之中：

• 青光眼: In some individuals, Topomax can cause glaucoma. Symptoms usually appear within a month of starting treatment and may be recognized by the sudden blurring of vision, eye pain, redness, and abnormally dilated pupils.
• 肾脏伤害: This most often affects people over 65 who have an underlying kidney disorder. Kidney function tests should be routinely performed to monitor for any abnormalities. Kidney stones have also been known to develop in Topamax users, the risk of which may be reduced by drinking plenty of water.
• 代谢性酸中毒: This is the potentially serious build-up of acid in the blood, most often seen in children 15 and under that can be caused by Topomax usage. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fast breathing, and lethargy. If left untreated, metabolic acidosis can lead to coma and death.
• Pregnancy: Topamax is classified as a category D drug due to evidence that it may cause a cleft palate in some children. While Topamax is not absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy or breastfeeding, you must weigh the benefits and consequences of treatment if you are pregnant or planning to get pregnant.

Topomax药物相互作用

已知某些药物通过减少或增加Topomax或其他共同施用的药物的可用性而与Tophax相互作用。与其他抗惊厥药一起使用时尤其如此tegretol.(carbamazepine) andLamictal（三噻嗪）。可能需要调节剂量来补偿这种效果。

其他co-administered drugs that may require dose adjustments include the diuretic Microzide (hydrochlorothiazide) and the diabetes medications Actos (pioglitazone) and metformin.

要避免的药物中，归类为碳水化酶抑制剂，包括：

• Diuretics：如凯韦斯（二氯芬酰胺）
• Epilepsy drugs：如Diamox（乙酰唑胺）和Zonisamide）
• 青光眼药物：如Azopt（Brinzolamide），Neptazane（Methazolamide）和Trusopt（Dorzolamide）

如果服用TootaMax，基于雌激素的避孕药也可能受到损害，提高妊娠的风险和出血的突破性。