可卡因有任何医疗使用吗?

Whenever the wordcocaineis mentioned, the first thing that comes to mind is its abuse on the streets and the terrible consequences ofdependenceon the drug. And it's true, cocaine is most commonly abused as an illicit drug. However cocaine also has legitimate medical uses.

Medical Uses of Cocaine

可卡因is an alkaloid derivative refined from coca leaves. Coca leaves grow onErythroxylum Coca，一个常见于南美洲的植物。

有不同的方式，医疗专业人员可以在程序期间或治疗某些条件下使用可卡因。

麻药

可卡因是一个出色的局部麻醉剂。事实上，美国耳鼻喉科和颈部手术学院将可卡因认为，作为医生患者的一部分，作为一种有价值的麻醉剂和血管收缩剂。事实上，本集团指出“没有其他单一药物结合可卡因的麻醉剂和血管电脑特性。”

由于可卡因和利多卡因是化学表兄弟，可卡因具有麻醉特性的事实是不成熟的，并且利多卡因在牙科手术期间用作麻醉剂。

其他Medical Uses

在涉及上呼吸道的程序中也使用可卡因。除了麻醉和上呼吸道的血管收化外，可卡因还缩小了粘膜或粘膜。

医疗程序中使用的可卡因以题单解决方案的形式。这种可卡因盐酸溶液有三种不同的浓度：1％，4％或10％。由于潜在的毒性，通常，仅使用1％或4％的溶液。

可卡因作为街头药物

On the street, cocaine is sold as a crystalline powder. This powder is diluted or "cut" with sugars to increase its street value. Cocaine is also turned into crack. Crack is a yellow-white "rock" processed with ammonia or baking soda.

粉末可卡因可以哼哼或溶解在水中并变成注入静脉的溶液中。使用裂缝管吸烟或“自由禁止”的裂缝岩。

Actions and Effects

可卡因is readily absorbed across mucous membranes including the linings of the nose and mouth, which explains why people who abuse the drug snort it or rub it on their gums.

可卡因works on the brain by blocking the reuptake of dopamine—the "feel good" neurotransmitter. Cocaine also works by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, which also contribute to a short-lasting rush or euphoria experienced after ingestion.

When ingested,可卡因导致兴奋。其他effects of the drug include a boost in self-confidence, vigilance, and well-being. It can also cause increased alertness, restlessness, irritability, and paranoia. Cocaine increases blood pressure and heart rate and can lead to heart attack and stroke.

可卡因滥用

Cocaine的慢性用途减少了因子永久性干扰脑功能的神经递质代谢物的浓度。慢性虐待的迹象包括对更多药物，烦躁，暴力突出，偏执和抑郁症的强烈渴望。重复剂量也可能导致非自愿运动活动，心脏病，癫痫发作，呼吸衰竭，性功能障碍和死亡。

除了粉末，可卡因也可以以裂缝的形式滥用。裂缝比可卡因粉更有效，上瘾和危险。只有一次崩溃的人已经上瘾。此外，裂缝管燃烧得如此热，可以损坏嘴唇和嘴唇，导致出血。

来自粗糙的一个词

可卡因probably suffers from an image problem. Because most people automatically associate this drug with abuse, its use is feared, reviled, or parodied. In reality, however, like many other drugs that are often abused, including marijuana, opioids, and (possibly)MDMA，可卡因确实有合法和有益的用途。

Please note, however, that the clinical uses of cocaine are absolutely confined to a clinical setting when administered by a physician. Cocaine bought off the street isalwaysdangerous.